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Direct Laser Writing of Active Polymer Photonic Devices.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Direct Laser Writing of Active Polymer Photonic Devices./
Author:	Amrithanath, Abhishek Kottaram .
Description:	1 online resource (113 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-09B.
Subject:	Optics. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798377641186

Direct Laser Writing of Active Polymer Photonic Devices.
Amrithanath, Abhishek Kottaram .

Direct Laser Writing of Active Polymer Photonic Devices. - 1 online resource (113 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Direct laser writing is a high precision technology that allows for the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures using passive photoresists. These passive structures when incorporated with active nanomaterials become functional and thus useful for sensing and actuation. In this thesis, we employ direct laser writing to incorporate active materials, especially nanoscale emitters, on chip-scale and fiber tips in the form of active devices. We utilize nano emitters as gain media in active devices by: (1) deterministically 3D printing nano emitter doped photoresists in desired locations and (2) designing mode converters to efficiently provide pump to and collect emission from the devices. Nano emitter doped photoresists are used to create active devices like ring resonators and whispering gallery mode resonators using a two-step direct laser writing process. These active devices are pumped from a single mode fiber using 3D printed metalenses on a fiber tip to mitigate the losses in the otherwise non-adiabatic tapered waveguides. Emissions from the devices are coupled out using 3D printed ellipsoidal lenses that allow for nearly objective free coupling between device and the fiber used for measurement of signals. In addition to employing direct laser writing to fabricate active devices, we utilize the technique to fabricate directional emitters and mode converters to improve the collection efficiency of nanoemitters. Collecting significant and measurable emission from nanoscale emitters such as upconversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, color centers in nanodiamonds, and defects in 2D materials can be challenging because they typically emit omni-directionally. To improve the efficiency of collection of emissions from nanoscale emitters, it is essential to: (1) deterministically place the emitters in desired locations, and (2) design mode-converters to match the emission modes to the modes of the collection system. In this thesis, we demonstrate deterministic placement of nanoscale emitters using a pick-and-place technique called polymer-pen lithography and direct laser writing. The emitters are placed at the focus of ellipsoidal micro-lenses which collimate a significant part of the forward-going emission leading to a large increase in the collection efficiency even at low numerical apertures of the collecting optics. Here, we demonstrate the concept with upconversion nanoparticle emitters and nitrogen vacancy nanodiamonds placed deterministically at the focus of 3D-printed ellipsoidal micro-lenses. The high collimation of ellipsoidal lenses is compared against hemispherical and Weierstrass geometries. This approach will be of particular interest for improving the collection efficiency from low-count single-photon emitters, and it also lends itself to hybrid integration for fiber-tochip and on-chip applications.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798377641186Subjects--Topical Terms:

595336
Optics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Collection efficiencyIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Direct Laser Writing of Active Polymer Photonic Devices.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2023.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Direct laser writing is a high precision technology that allows for the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures using passive photoresists. These passive structures when incorporated with active nanomaterials become functional and thus useful for sensing and actuation. In this thesis, we employ direct laser writing to incorporate active materials, especially nanoscale emitters, on chip-scale and fiber tips in the form of active devices. We utilize nano emitters as gain media in active devices by: (1) deterministically 3D printing nano emitter doped photoresists in desired locations and (2) designing mode converters to efficiently provide pump to and collect emission from the devices. Nano emitter doped photoresists are used to create active devices like ring resonators and whispering gallery mode resonators using a two-step direct laser writing process. These active devices are pumped from a single mode fiber using 3D printed metalenses on a fiber tip to mitigate the losses in the otherwise non-adiabatic tapered waveguides. Emissions from the devices are coupled out using 3D printed ellipsoidal lenses that allow for nearly objective free coupling between device and the fiber used for measurement of signals. In addition to employing direct laser writing to fabricate active devices, we utilize the technique to fabricate directional emitters and mode converters to improve the collection efficiency of nanoemitters. Collecting significant and measurable emission from nanoscale emitters such as upconversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, color centers in nanodiamonds, and defects in 2D materials can be challenging because they typically emit omni-directionally. To improve the efficiency of collection of emissions from nanoscale emitters, it is essential to: (1) deterministically place the emitters in desired locations, and (2) design mode-converters to match the emission modes to the modes of the collection system. In this thesis, we demonstrate deterministic placement of nanoscale emitters using a pick-and-place technique called polymer-pen lithography and direct laser writing. The emitters are placed at the focus of ellipsoidal micro-lenses which collimate a significant part of the forward-going emission leading to a large increase in the collection efficiency even at low numerical apertures of the collecting optics. Here, we demonstrate the concept with upconversion nanoparticle emitters and nitrogen vacancy nanodiamonds placed deterministically at the focus of 3D-printed ellipsoidal micro-lenses. The high collimation of ellipsoidal lenses is compared against hemispherical and Weierstrass geometries. This approach will be of particular interest for improving the collection efficiency from low-count single-photon emitters, and it also lends itself to hybrid integration for fiber-tochip and on-chip applications.
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538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Optics. $3 595336
650 4 $a Materials science. $3 557839
650 4 $a Nanotechnology. $3 557660
650 4 $a Polymer chemistry. $3 1182163
650 4 $a Mechanical engineering. $3 557493
653 $a Collection efficiency
653 $a Laser writing
653 $a Metalenses
653 $a Nanoemitters
653 $a Photonic devices
653 $a Polymer
653 $a Weierstrass geometries
653 $a Nanoparticle
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710 2 $a Northwestern University. $b Mechanical Engineering. $3 1180174
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