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Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Anammox Bacteria for the Integration of their Activity into Anoxic Treatment Workflows = = Physiologische und biochemische Charakterisierung von Anammox-Bakterien zur Integration ihrer Aktivitat in Anoxische Behandlungsablaufe de.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Anammox Bacteria for the Integration of their Activity into Anoxic Treatment Workflows =/
Reminder of title:	Physiologische und biochemische Charakterisierung von Anammox-Bakterien zur Integration ihrer Aktivitat in Anoxische Behandlungsablaufe de.
remainder title:	Physiologische und biochemische Charakterisierung von Anammox-Bakterien zur Integration ihrer Aktivitat in Anoxische Behandlungsablaufe de.
Author:	Ude, Emea Okorafor.
Description:	1 online resource (138 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-11B.
Subject:	Physiology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798382650128

Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Anammox Bacteria for the Integration of their Activity into Anoxic Treatment Workflows = = Physiologische und biochemische Charakterisierung von Anammox-Bakterien zur Integration ihrer Aktivitat in Anoxische Behandlungsablaufe de.
Ude, Emea Okorafor.

Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Anammox Bacteria for the Integration of their Activity into Anoxic Treatment Workflows =Physiologische und biochemische Charakterisierung von Anammox-Bakterien zur Integration ihrer Aktivitat in Anoxische Behandlungsablaufe de.Physiologische und biochemische Charakterisierung von Anammox-Bakterien zur Integration ihrer Aktivitat in Anoxische Behandlungsablaufe de. - 1 online resource (138 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Technische Universitaet Berlin (Germany), 2024.

Includes bibliographical references

The high emission of ammonium (NH4+) into surface waters remains a matter of great concern and microorganisms involved in the transformation of ammonium have raised considerable interest in recent years. The discovery of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria has widened the knowledge on the natural nitrogen cycle and has also led to the concept of a more sustainable solution for energy-optimized wastewater treatment. Anammox bacteria oxidize ammonium and reduce nitrite, producing dinitrogen gas. The contribution of anammox bacteria to the removal of fixed nitrogen is striking. However, how toxic compounds are to be controlled in anammox reactors, how nitrite is reduced in anammox bacteria, and the biotechnological relevance of anammox technology have not been fully unravelled. This led to the main question of this thesis on the intrinsic characteristics of anammox bacteria. Only the understanding of these intrinsic characteristics allows the optimization of their growth conditions to eventually make anammox bacteria widely applicable. In this PhD thesis, my guiding hypothesis was that anammox bacteria have masked intrinsic characteristics which need to be unravelled to explore the biotechnological relevance of anammox technology. This hypothesis was tested through varieties of approaches at the interface of physiology, biochemistry, genomics, proteomics, and engineering.Firstly, upscaling of an anammox reactor was attempted and the effluent was used to determine online the effect of environmental stresses on anammox bacteria. A planktonic mixed culture dominated by "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" strain CSTR1 was successfully cultivated in a 30 L semi-continuous stirring tank reactor. In overnight resting cell anammox activity tests, oxygen caused strong inhibition of anammox activity, which was reversed by sodium sulphite (30 μM). Anammox activity was improved by activated carbon and Fe 2 O 3. Protein expression analysis from resting cells after anammox activity stimulation revealed significant differences in expression of candidate enzymes. Further, the knowledge of anammox antibiotics susceptibility patterns was expanded. The tested antibiotics were sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and ampicillin trihydrate which all elicited their effect on a dose-dependent manner; however, strain CSTR1 was highly resistant to sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. Ampicillin treatment influenced the microbial community and structure while the proteomics data revealed the major target of ampicillin. Nevertheless, the high resistance of strain CSTR1 to ampicillin was associated with upregulation of DNA gyrase, DnaN, heat shock proteins, and some anammox-specific proteins. Investigation on the possibility of using strain CSTR1 for ammonium removal from hospital wastewater contaminated with high strength ammonium and antibiotics revealed that 100% of the ammonium present in the Lagos state university teaching hospital (LUTH) wastewater was consumed after 12 days of incubation with strain CSTR1.The nitrite reductase activity in strain CSTR1 was investigated in detail, since the enzyme that reduce nitrite is not understood. The nitrite reducing activity of strain CSTR1 was electron donor, protein concentration, buffer, pH, and temperature dependent, however, nitrite reductase was not sensitive to O 2. With protein purification technique such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nitrite reducing activity was only detected in the HOX complex. Conversely, using anion exchange chromatography (AEC), nitrite reducing activity were noticed in 3 complexes, but after further purification with SEC, all activities also aligned in the HOX complex.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798382650128Subjects--Topical Terms:

673386
Physiology.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Anammox Bacteria for the Integration of their Activity into Anoxic Treatment Workflows = = Physiologische und biochemische Charakterisierung von Anammox-Bakterien zur Integration ihrer Aktivitat in Anoxische Behandlungsablaufe de.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Adrian, Lorenz;Ding, Chang.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Technische Universitaet Berlin (Germany), 2024.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a The high emission of ammonium (NH4+) into surface waters remains a matter of great concern and microorganisms involved in the transformation of ammonium have raised considerable interest in recent years. The discovery of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria has widened the knowledge on the natural nitrogen cycle and has also led to the concept of a more sustainable solution for energy-optimized wastewater treatment. Anammox bacteria oxidize ammonium and reduce nitrite, producing dinitrogen gas. The contribution of anammox bacteria to the removal of fixed nitrogen is striking. However, how toxic compounds are to be controlled in anammox reactors, how nitrite is reduced in anammox bacteria, and the biotechnological relevance of anammox technology have not been fully unravelled. This led to the main question of this thesis on the intrinsic characteristics of anammox bacteria. Only the understanding of these intrinsic characteristics allows the optimization of their growth conditions to eventually make anammox bacteria widely applicable. In this PhD thesis, my guiding hypothesis was that anammox bacteria have masked intrinsic characteristics which need to be unravelled to explore the biotechnological relevance of anammox technology. This hypothesis was tested through varieties of approaches at the interface of physiology, biochemistry, genomics, proteomics, and engineering.Firstly, upscaling of an anammox reactor was attempted and the effluent was used to determine online the effect of environmental stresses on anammox bacteria. A planktonic mixed culture dominated by "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" strain CSTR1 was successfully cultivated in a 30 L semi-continuous stirring tank reactor. In overnight resting cell anammox activity tests, oxygen caused strong inhibition of anammox activity, which was reversed by sodium sulphite (30 μM). Anammox activity was improved by activated carbon and Fe 2 O 3. Protein expression analysis from resting cells after anammox activity stimulation revealed significant differences in expression of candidate enzymes. Further, the knowledge of anammox antibiotics susceptibility patterns was expanded. The tested antibiotics were sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and ampicillin trihydrate which all elicited their effect on a dose-dependent manner; however, strain CSTR1 was highly resistant to sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. Ampicillin treatment influenced the microbial community and structure while the proteomics data revealed the major target of ampicillin. Nevertheless, the high resistance of strain CSTR1 to ampicillin was associated with upregulation of DNA gyrase, DnaN, heat shock proteins, and some anammox-specific proteins. Investigation on the possibility of using strain CSTR1 for ammonium removal from hospital wastewater contaminated with high strength ammonium and antibiotics revealed that 100% of the ammonium present in the Lagos state university teaching hospital (LUTH) wastewater was consumed after 12 days of incubation with strain CSTR1.The nitrite reductase activity in strain CSTR1 was investigated in detail, since the enzyme that reduce nitrite is not understood. The nitrite reducing activity of strain CSTR1 was electron donor, protein concentration, buffer, pH, and temperature dependent, however, nitrite reductase was not sensitive to O 2. With protein purification technique such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nitrite reducing activity was only detected in the HOX complex. Conversely, using anion exchange chromatography (AEC), nitrite reducing activity were noticed in 3 complexes, but after further purification with SEC, all activities also aligned in the HOX complex.
520 $a Die hohe Emission von Ammonium (NH4+) in Oberflachengewasser gibt Anlass zu Besorgnis und begrundet die Forschung an Mikroorganismen, die Ammonium in der Umwelt umsetzen. Die Entdeckung anaerober Ammonium-oxidierenden Bakterien (Anammox-Bakterien) hat das Wissen uber den naturlichen Stickstoffkreislauf erweitert und zu dem Konzept einer energieoptimierten Abwasserbehandlung gefuhrt. Anammox-Bakterien oxidieren Ammonium und reduzieren Nitrit, wobei Distickstoffgas entsteht. Sie tragen damit zur Ammonium-Entfernung in Abwasser bei. Es ist jedoch nicht geklart, welche Substanzen fur Anammox-Reaktoren toxisch sind und wie die Anammox-Technologie eine wichtige Rolle in der Abwasserbehandlung ubernehmen kann. Dies fuhrte zu der Hauptfrage dieser Arbeit nach den intrinsischen Eigenschaften von Anammox-Bakterien. Erst das Verstandnis der intrinsischen Eigenschaften ermoglicht die Optimierung der Wachstumsbedingungen, um Anammox-Bakterien breit und sicher einsetzbar zu machen. Die Leithypothese meiner Dissertation war, dass Anammox-Bakterien intrinsische Eigenschaften haben, die entschlusselt werden mussen, um die biotechnologische Relevanz der Anammox-Technologie zu erhohen. Diese Hypothese wurde durch verschiedene Ansatze an der Schnittstelle von Physiologie, Biochemie, Genomik, Proteomik und Technik getestet.Zunachst wurde ein Anammox-Reaktors auf einen 30-L Reaktor aufskaliert. Der Effluent dieses Reaktors wurde in einem batch-Aktivitatstest mit intakten Zellen verwendet, um die Auswirkungen von Umweltbelastungen auf Anammox-Bakterien online zu bestimmen. Eine planktonische Mischkultur, die vom "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis"-Stamm CSTR1 dominiert wurde, wurde erfolgreich in einem 30-Liter-Reaktor mit halbkontinuierlichem Ruhrwerk kultiviert. In Anammox-Aktivitatstests mit ruhenden Zellen uber Nacht verursachte Sauerstoff eine starke Hemmung der Anammox-Aktivitat, die durch Natriumsulfit (30 μM) aufgehoben wurde. Die Anammox-Aktivitat wurde durch Aktivkohle und Fe 2 O 3erhoht. Die Analyse der Proteinexpression in ruhenden Zellen nach Stimulierung der Anammox-Aktivitat ergab signifikante Unterschiede in der Expression von Kandidatenenzymen. Auch wurde der Effekt von Antibiotika auf Anammox-Aktivitat bestimmt. Dabei wirkten Sulfamethoxazol , Kanamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin und Ampicillintrihydrat alle dosisabhangig; der Stamm CSTR1 ist hochgradig resistent gegen Sulfamethoxazol und Ampicillin. Ampicillin-Behandlung beeinflusste die mikrobielle Gemeinschaft stark. Proteomik-Daten zeigten die zellulare Antwort auf Ampicillin, insbesondere die Hochregulierung von DNA-Gyrase, DnaN, Hitzeschockproteinen und einigen Anammox-spezifischen Proteinen. Am Beispiel des Abwassers des Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) wurde untersucht, von Stamm CSTR1 zur Entfernung von Ammonium aus Krankenhausabwassern verwendet werden kann, wenn das Abwasser auch mit hohen Konzentrationen von Antibiotika kontaminiert ist. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass 100% des Ammoniums nach 12 Tagen Inkubation mit dem Stamm CSTR1 umgesetzt war.Die Nitrit-Reduktaseaktivitat in Stamm CSTR1 wurde im Detaill untersucht, da die Enzymatik der Nitritreduktion in Anammox-Bakterien noch nicht verstanden ist. Die Nitrit-Reduktaseaktivitat ist abhangig von Elektronendonor, Proteinkonzentration, Puffer, pH-Wert und Temperatur, jedoch war die Aktivitat nicht empfindlich gegenuber O 2. Mit Proteinreinigungstechniken wie der Grosenausschlusschromatographie (SEC) konnte die Nitrit-reduzierende Aktivitat nur im HOX-Komplex nachgewiesen werden. Bei der Anionenaustauschchromatographie (AEC) wurde dagegen in drei Komplexen nitritreduzierende Aktivitat festgestellt, aber nach weiterer Reinigung mit SEC waren alle Aktivitaten auch im HOX-Komplex konzentriert.
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