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Evaluation of Anthropogenic Chemicals and Their Environmental and Health Effects Using Mass Spectrometry.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Evaluation of Anthropogenic Chemicals and Their Environmental and Health Effects Using Mass Spectrometry./
Author:	Doyle, Michael George.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2022,
Description:	114 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-06.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International84-06.
Subject:	Pollutants. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30167939
ISBN:	9798358406049

Evaluation of Anthropogenic Chemicals and Their Environmental and Health Effects Using Mass Spectrometry.
Doyle, Michael George.

Evaluation of Anthropogenic Chemicals and Their Environmental and Health Effects Using Mass Spectrometry. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022 - 114 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-06.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--North Carolina State University, 2022.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This work explores the utility of mass spectrometry in the assessment of anthropogenic chemical spread and exposure related health effects. This work starts with an introduction and overview of anthropogenic chemicals before exploring their sources and spread in chapter 2 and the health effects of flame retardants in developing rat pups in chapter 3.Chemicals landfills and wastewater have been identified as major sources pollutants. To minimize the footprint caused by the chemical in our landfills on the environment, wildlife, and human health, is imperative to assess their liquid components, or landfill leachate, following attempts at removing the harmful chemicals. Landfill leachate includes the chemicals and liquids occurring in a landfill and is treated using onsite treatment plants or at offsite municipal wastewater treatment plants before being discharged back into public water sources. The ever-growing diversity of dissolved anthropogenic chemicals in landfill leachate such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) however challenge the effectiveness of both onsite and offsite water treatment. Thus, ensuring the safety of treatment plant discharge requires a more comprehensive understanding of wastewater makeup and potential chemical modifications following cleanup steps. In this study, we evaluated the chemical features and annotated molecules changing throughout landfill leachate and wastewater treatment plants with nontargeted liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measurements. Processes including clarification, reverse osmosis and different disinfection methods were evaluated in our study for two landfill leachate treatment plants and two wastewater treatment plants in the southeastern United States. In a comparison the treatment steps and discharged water for all four treatment plants, we found the great reduction in observed chemical features linked to reverse osmosis which was performed at both landfill leachate treatment plants but not at the wastewater plants.Firemaster® 550 (FM 550) is a chemical flame retardant composed of both brominated (BFR) and organophosphate (OPFR) molecules used to reduce combustion of household foam products like couches, mattresses and baby cushions. Recently, reports of endocrine disrupting, neurodevelopmental and behavioral effects from this chemical mixture in animal models have surmounted growing concern over long-term exposure to these chemicals in house dust. Many studies have been conducted to explore the effects of FM 550 as a mixture, but relatively little is known about the molecular alterations occurring from its individual BFR and OPFR components. Since lipids are major structural component for brain tissue there is great interest in how they are altered by FM 550 and its BFR and OPR components. This study therefore explores lipidomic alterations in developing brains of Wistar rat pups caused by these flame retardant chemicals, separately and mixed. Across gestation, Wistar rat dams were fed 1000 ug BFRs, 1000 ug OPFRs or 2000 ug of the FM 550 mixture. Liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS) measurements were then utilized to examine the lipidomic alterations in the cortex tissue of post-natal day 1 rat pups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for sex, compared 417 lipids observed for the control pups not exposed to any flame retardants to each of the exposed groups. After adjustments for multiple comparisons, a total of 87 lipids were found to have statistically significant abundance differences among exposed groups (p ≤ 0.05) with the most lipids altered by FM 550 (76 lipids), and more lipids affected by the OPFRs (38 lipids) than BFRs (29 lipids). Dichotomous lipidomic changes between male and female pups were also explored across exposures with many differences noted in the lipid species. Thus, this work elucidates the lipidomic alterations caused by perinatal exposure to flame retardant chemicals, independently and mixed, and can be used to inform future studies on the physiological mechanisms underlying perinatal flame retardant exposure.

ISBN: 9798358406049Subjects--Topical Terms:

568170
Pollutants.

Evaluation of Anthropogenic Chemicals and Their Environmental and Health Effects Using Mass Spectrometry.
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