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An Ambiguous Technique for Nonvisual Text Entry.
紀錄類型:
書目-語言資料,手稿 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:
An Ambiguous Technique for Nonvisual Text Entry./
作者:
Gaines, Dylan C.
面頁冊數:
1 online resource (199 pages)
附註:
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-07, Section: B.
Contained By:
Dissertations Abstracts International85-07B.
標題:
Computer science. -
電子資源:
click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:
9798381401400
An Ambiguous Technique for Nonvisual Text Entry.
Gaines, Dylan C.
An Ambiguous Technique for Nonvisual Text Entry.
- 1 online resource (199 pages)
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-07, Section: B.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan Technological University, 2023.
Includes bibliographical references
Text entry is a common daily task for many people, but it can be a challenge for people with visual impairments when using virtual touchscreen keyboards that lack physical key boundaries. In this thesis, we investigate using a small number of gestures to select from groups of characters to remove most or all dependence on touch locations. We leverage a predictive language model to select the most likely characters from the selected groups once a user completes each word.Using a preliminary interface with six groups of characters based on a Qwerty keyboard, we find that users are able to enter text with no visual feedback at 19.1 words per minute (WPM) with a 2.1% character error rate (CER) after five hours of practice. We explore ways to optimize the ambiguous groups to reduce the number of disambiguation errors. We develop a novel interface named FlexType with four character groups instead of six in order to remove all remaining location dependence and enable one-handed input. We compare optimized groups with and without constraining the group assignments to alphabetical order in a user study. We find that users enter text with no visual feedback at 12.0 WPM with a 2.0% CER using the constrained groups after four hours of practice. There was no significant difference from the unconstrained groups.We improve FlexType based on user feedback and tune the recognition algorithm parameters based on the study data. We conduct an interview study with 12 blind users to assess the challenges they encounter while entering text and solicit feedback on FlexType, and we further incorporate this feedback into the interface. We evaluate the improved interface in a longitudinal study with 12 blind participants. On average, participants entered text at 8.2 words per minute using FlexType, 7.5 words per minute using a Qwerty keyboard with VoiceOver, and at 26.9 words per minute using Braille Screen Input.
Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024
Mode of access: World Wide Web
ISBN: 9798381401400Subjects--Topical Terms:
573171
Computer science.
Subjects--Index Terms:
AccessibilityIndex Terms--Genre/Form:
554714
Electronic books.
An Ambiguous Technique for Nonvisual Text Entry.
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Text entry is a common daily task for many people, but it can be a challenge for people with visual impairments when using virtual touchscreen keyboards that lack physical key boundaries. In this thesis, we investigate using a small number of gestures to select from groups of characters to remove most or all dependence on touch locations. We leverage a predictive language model to select the most likely characters from the selected groups once a user completes each word.Using a preliminary interface with six groups of characters based on a Qwerty keyboard, we find that users are able to enter text with no visual feedback at 19.1 words per minute (WPM) with a 2.1% character error rate (CER) after five hours of practice. We explore ways to optimize the ambiguous groups to reduce the number of disambiguation errors. We develop a novel interface named FlexType with four character groups instead of six in order to remove all remaining location dependence and enable one-handed input. We compare optimized groups with and without constraining the group assignments to alphabetical order in a user study. We find that users enter text with no visual feedback at 12.0 WPM with a 2.0% CER using the constrained groups after four hours of practice. There was no significant difference from the unconstrained groups.We improve FlexType based on user feedback and tune the recognition algorithm parameters based on the study data. We conduct an interview study with 12 blind users to assess the challenges they encounter while entering text and solicit feedback on FlexType, and we further incorporate this feedback into the interface. We evaluate the improved interface in a longitudinal study with 12 blind participants. On average, participants entered text at 8.2 words per minute using FlexType, 7.5 words per minute using a Qwerty keyboard with VoiceOver, and at 26.9 words per minute using Braille Screen Input.
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