國立虎尾科技大學 |

Enabling Novel Applications Through Sensing with Wireless Signals.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,手稿 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Enabling Novel Applications Through Sensing with Wireless Signals./
作者:	Khan, Usman Mahmood.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (146 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-03B.
標題:	Graph representations. -
電子資源:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380268592

Enabling Novel Applications Through Sensing with Wireless Signals.
Khan, Usman Mahmood.

Enabling Novel Applications Through Sensing with Wireless Signals. - 1 online resource (146 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Radio frequency (RF) signals are primarily used for communication to enable many different technologies such as WiFi, bluetooth, cellular communication, etc. However, as these RF signals are impacted by the environment they are propagating in and as they can often propagate beyond the line-of-sight, they provide an interesting opportunity to use them for sensing as well. In this thesis, we explore the usability of RF signals for sensing by demonstrating their feasibility for three novel applications, namely indoor map generation, soil moisture measurement, and contactless human photoplethysmography (PPG).Generating maps of indoor environments beyond the line of sight finds applications in several areas such as planning, navigation, and security. While researchers have previously explored the use of RF signals to generate maps, prior work has two important limitations: (i) it requires moving the mapping setup along the entire lengths of the sides of the building, and (ii) it generates maps that are not fully connected, rather are scatter plots of locations from where some obstacles reflected the signals. Thus, prior approaches require human interpretation to locate the walls and determine how they merge. In this work, we address these limitations and propose RFMap, which generates fully connected maps, and does not require the measurement setup to be moved along the sides of the buildings.Regarding soil moisture measurement, we propose CoMEt, an RF based approach that measures soil moisture at multiple depths underneath the ground surface without installing any objects in the soil and without making any contact with the ground surface. The main insight behind CoMEt is that the phase of an RF signal depends on its wavelength in the medium through which it is propagating, which in turn depends on the amount of soil moisture. To measure soil moisture, CoMEt leverages the phase changes across successive antennas in a receive antenna array along with the time of flight of the received signal to jointly estimate the depth of each layer of soil and the wavelength of the signal in each layer. It then uses these estimates to obtain the amount of moisture in each layer of soil.Finally, regarding contactless PPG measurement, we propose VitaNet, an RF based contactless approach that accurately estimates the PPG signal using radar for stationary participants. The main insight behind VitaNet is that the changes in the blood volume that manifest in the PPG waveform are correlated to the physical movements of the heart, which the radar can capture. To estimate the PPG waveform, VitaNet uses a self-attention architecture to identify the most informative reflections in an unsupervised manner, and then uses an encoder-decoder network to transform the radar phase profile to the PPG sequence. We have trained and extensively evaluated VitaNet on a large dataset obtained from 25 participants over 179 full nights. Our evaluations show that VitaNet accurately estimates the PPG waveform and its derivatives with high accuracy, significantly improves the heart rate and heart rate variability estimates from the prior works, and also accurately estimates several useful PPG features.In this thesis, we present detailed technical development, implementation, and evaluation of these three systems. We conclude the thesis with some thoughts on promising future directions to explore using RF signals.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380268592Subjects--Topical Terms:

1465474
Graph representations.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Enabling Novel Applications Through Sensing with Wireless Signals.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2023.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Radio frequency (RF) signals are primarily used for communication to enable many different technologies such as WiFi, bluetooth, cellular communication, etc. However, as these RF signals are impacted by the environment they are propagating in and as they can often propagate beyond the line-of-sight, they provide an interesting opportunity to use them for sensing as well. In this thesis, we explore the usability of RF signals for sensing by demonstrating their feasibility for three novel applications, namely indoor map generation, soil moisture measurement, and contactless human photoplethysmography (PPG).Generating maps of indoor environments beyond the line of sight finds applications in several areas such as planning, navigation, and security. While researchers have previously explored the use of RF signals to generate maps, prior work has two important limitations: (i) it requires moving the mapping setup along the entire lengths of the sides of the building, and (ii) it generates maps that are not fully connected, rather are scatter plots of locations from where some obstacles reflected the signals. Thus, prior approaches require human interpretation to locate the walls and determine how they merge. In this work, we address these limitations and propose RFMap, which generates fully connected maps, and does not require the measurement setup to be moved along the sides of the buildings.Regarding soil moisture measurement, we propose CoMEt, an RF based approach that measures soil moisture at multiple depths underneath the ground surface without installing any objects in the soil and without making any contact with the ground surface. The main insight behind CoMEt is that the phase of an RF signal depends on its wavelength in the medium through which it is propagating, which in turn depends on the amount of soil moisture. To measure soil moisture, CoMEt leverages the phase changes across successive antennas in a receive antenna array along with the time of flight of the received signal to jointly estimate the depth of each layer of soil and the wavelength of the signal in each layer. It then uses these estimates to obtain the amount of moisture in each layer of soil.Finally, regarding contactless PPG measurement, we propose VitaNet, an RF based contactless approach that accurately estimates the PPG signal using radar for stationary participants. The main insight behind VitaNet is that the changes in the blood volume that manifest in the PPG waveform are correlated to the physical movements of the heart, which the radar can capture. To estimate the PPG waveform, VitaNet uses a self-attention architecture to identify the most informative reflections in an unsupervised manner, and then uses an encoder-decoder network to transform the radar phase profile to the PPG sequence. We have trained and extensively evaluated VitaNet on a large dataset obtained from 25 participants over 179 full nights. Our evaluations show that VitaNet accurately estimates the PPG waveform and its derivatives with high accuracy, significantly improves the heart rate and heart rate variability estimates from the prior works, and also accurately estimates several useful PPG features.In this thesis, we present detailed technical development, implementation, and evaluation of these three systems. We conclude the thesis with some thoughts on promising future directions to explore using RF signals.
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