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Emerging and Zoonotic RNA Viruses in Cats and Dogs.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Emerging and Zoonotic RNA Viruses in Cats and Dogs./
Author:	Patania, Olivia M.
Description:	1 online resource (159 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-02B.
Subject:	Virology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380146876

Emerging and Zoonotic RNA Viruses in Cats and Dogs.
Patania, Olivia M.

Emerging and Zoonotic RNA Viruses in Cats and Dogs. - 1 online resource (159 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

In recent decades, viruses have been emerging in the United States. With the onset of the recent global pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), knowledge regarding viruses has become more widely sought to those outside of the scientific community. Even veterinarians, whose area of expertise may only extend to viruses they commonly treat in select veterinary species, have had to become more educated on emerging human viruses due to the zoonotic (transmissibility between humans and animals) risk. The susceptibility and transmission of viruses between humans and companion animals, such as cats and dogs, is an important component to the One Health initiative where the health of humans is closely related to the heath of animals and the environment we share. With this initiative in mind, I sought to investigate the prevalence and/or pathology associated with three select emerging and/or zoonotic RNA viruses in the two most common companion animals: cats and dogs; these viruses include: SARS-CoV-2, West Nile virus (WNV) and Powassan virus (POWV). My central hypothesis is that these viruses cause similar pathologic changes in cats and dogs as seen in humans, and that cats and dogs can be used as experimental models and sentinels for human disease, respectively. My work first sought to thoroughly evaluate the respiratory and intestinal tracts of eleven domestic cats experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 at 3, 6, 10 and 28 days post-inoculation. Using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues, I studied viral expression, quantification and sequelae through hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), multiplex immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). I determined that cats could serve as an informative model to study post-acute pulmonary sequelae due to the pulmonary changes observed in the lungs, which persist beyond the detection of viral RNA. Furthermore, I concluded that SARS-CoV-2, a primary respiratory pathogen, replicates within the intestinal tract, and viral RNA persists there beyond respiratory clearance. This suggested that intestinal tissues may serve as useful diagnostic tools in chronic SARS-CoV-2 cases in cats where viral respiratory shedding has been cleared.Pivoting to two endemic, zoonotic flaviviruses, POWV and WNV, that cause neuroinvasive disease annually in humans and other mammals, I sought to determine the seroprevalence of these viruses along with other select vector-borne pathogens. The sera of 461 dogs were evaluated for the presence of neutralizing antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests. Seroprevalence rates were 5.0% (POWV) and 3.7% (WNV), suggesting that dogs can serve as a public health surveillance tool. To determine if dogs developed neuroinvasive disease, similar to humans, I conducted a retrospective study evaluating FFPE central nervous system tissues from 33 dogs that died with neurologic disease using RT-qPCR, IHC and RNAscope® in-situ hybridization to detect WNV or POWV antigen or RNA. At least 9.0% and 12.0% of the dogs had detectable POWV and WNV RNA, respectively. This suggested that dogs are susceptible to neuroinvasive disease, and WNV and POWV should be included as differentials for canines with encephalitis.These findings indicate the important connections shared between humans and companion animals. The invaluable usage of cats as experimental models for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and adaptation are vital in understanding the mechanisms driving viral sequelae in human health. Similarly, the study of naturally occurring diseases, like that of WNV or POWV in dogs, is an important component of public health and equips the veterinary community with the necessary knowledge to combat disease in susceptible species.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380146876Subjects--Topical Terms:

644995
Virology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

RNAIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Emerging and Zoonotic RNA Viruses in Cats and Dogs.
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