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An Actor-Oriented Integrated Assessment of Groundwater Irrigation Within Southeast Cambodia's Sustainable Development Context.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	An Actor-Oriented Integrated Assessment of Groundwater Irrigation Within Southeast Cambodia's Sustainable Development Context./
Author:	Macadam, Leila A.
Description:	1 online resource (588 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-06B.
Subject:	Land use planning. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380868303

An Actor-Oriented Integrated Assessment of Groundwater Irrigation Within Southeast Cambodia's Sustainable Development Context.
Macadam, Leila A.

An Actor-Oriented Integrated Assessment of Groundwater Irrigation Within Southeast Cambodia's Sustainable Development Context. - 1 online resource (588 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Australian National University (Australia), 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Sustainable development and integrated water resources management (IWRM) have been embraced globally yet shown limited effectiveness in improving water quality or quantity outcomes. Impacts on communities and the environment persist, particularly in ongoing degradation of groundwater systems that are valuable for poverty reduction but vulnerable to exploitation. A key challenge is to motivate a shift from resource development to resource management. Doing so requires embrace of the deeper technical, social, behavioural and organizational limitations to IWRM - the human dimensions. Integrated assessment and modelling (IAM) offers a rigorous approach to support this process with decision-relevant information. Best practice modelling guidance encourages participatory modelling processes and stakeholder engagement however typically relies on a starting consensus regarding the problem frame to be simulated which may inherently prioritise some view over others. Furthermore, the early stages of IAM necessarily emphasize a reduction, rather than propagation, of the complexity and uncertainty associated with problem framing and system conceptualisation meaning that human dimensions may be overlooked.In response, expansion of analytical boundaries to better-capture both human-nature linkages and the social context of integrated modelling implementation processes is key, particularly if key stakeholder seek to influence water management with water-centric or technocratic perspectives. Critical to this is recognising the role of both factual knowledge and subjective judgements in scoping and problem framing. Yet, modellers experience ongoing practical, theoretical, philosophical and resourcing barriers to embedding human dimension considerations within modelling practice. This thesis therefore aims to generate practical insights for better-integrating human dimensions within IAM by embedding an actor oriented perspective. This rural sociology-informed approach encourages embrace of stakeholder mental model ambiguity and attention to human agency, unequal power dynamics, and differentiated stakeholder experiences as key drivers of system outcomes. In combination with systems thinking, an actor orientation is used to identify concepts, tools and opportunities to strengthen human dimensions of sustainable development within IAM. The resulting multi-step, exploratory integrated modelling methodology is then implemented to analyse the case study of groundwater demand and impacts within Southeast Cambodia. This grounds the research insights within a sustainable development context of growing inequalities and quiet tension between the use of groundwater for irrigation and use for household water supply.Research contributions emerge in three areas. The first is an actor-oriented methodology that prompts consideration to whose perspectives, and what broader contextual factors, inform IAM boundary judgements. Within this, cognitive maps are harnessed to link the perspectives of stakeholders (both practitioners from groundwater-relevant sectors and smallholder farmers) to the design of an exploratory conceptual model, supported by a context-enriching boundary critique. Implementation of this methodology for the Cambodian case study followed by a reflection, guided by three opportunities for strengthening the human dimensions of IAM, identifies key insights to guide IAM practice. For problem framing, an actor orientation is argued to strengthen inclusion of human dimensions in situations where typically consensus-oriented stakeholder participation may not be feasible or advisable. Founded in an expectation of resistance, rather than collaboration, an actor orientation encourages embrace of potential ambiguities and other uncertainties to be propagated into problem framing. The actor-oriented perspective guides a multi-level analytical approach that considers both the incentives of groundwater users and managers and the higher-order contextual factors they are responding to. This leads to development of multiple model structures, using a groundwater model and Bayesian Networks, from the perspectives of both households and water managers. Scenario modelling outputs then challenge those stakeholder perceptions hindering groundwater management. Lessons learnt suggest benefits to practice such as enabling maximum use of available knowledge in a low-resource context; guiding problem framing when a stakeholder consensus may not be feasible or advisable; and supporting parsimony in multi-level analysis via development of multiple model structures from various stakeholder perspectives.A second contribution relates to empirical findings about the stakeholder perceptions hindering better groundwater management outcomes. This research found that water sector practitioners hold central beliefs that groundwater is an undesirable source of irrigation, and that drawdown will likely be self-limiting given the low value of irrigated rice crops. The rural transition and associated policy are therefore considered sufficient to avoid groundwater depletion and promote sustainable development. Comparison with national strategic indicators suggested such perceptions were found to risk encouraging perverse management incentives. A third contribution is new knowledge about the dynamics of southeast Cambodia's groundwater socio-ecological system. Findings showed that farmers pump groundwater to irrigate rice as one of few local income opportunities, but that the resulting greater extremes of the potential profit and debt distribution risk worsening socioeconomic inequality. Finally, three themes for management are identified to encourage a sustainable development focus in Cambodia's water sector: expand water sector objectives, adopt a customer service approach, and manage for robustness of smallholder livelihoods. Cumulatively these research insights support design of integrated assessment processes and management interventions that better-address those human factors essential to improving groundwater sustainability outcomes.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380868303Subjects--Topical Terms:

1182560
Land use planning.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Integrated water resources managementIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

An Actor-Oriented Integrated Assessment of Groundwater Irrigation Within Southeast Cambodia's Sustainable Development Context.
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520 $a Sustainable development and integrated water resources management (IWRM) have been embraced globally yet shown limited effectiveness in improving water quality or quantity outcomes. Impacts on communities and the environment persist, particularly in ongoing degradation of groundwater systems that are valuable for poverty reduction but vulnerable to exploitation. A key challenge is to motivate a shift from resource development to resource management. Doing so requires embrace of the deeper technical, social, behavioural and organizational limitations to IWRM - the human dimensions. Integrated assessment and modelling (IAM) offers a rigorous approach to support this process with decision-relevant information. Best practice modelling guidance encourages participatory modelling processes and stakeholder engagement however typically relies on a starting consensus regarding the problem frame to be simulated which may inherently prioritise some view over others. Furthermore, the early stages of IAM necessarily emphasize a reduction, rather than propagation, of the complexity and uncertainty associated with problem framing and system conceptualisation meaning that human dimensions may be overlooked.In response, expansion of analytical boundaries to better-capture both human-nature linkages and the social context of integrated modelling implementation processes is key, particularly if key stakeholder seek to influence water management with water-centric or technocratic perspectives. Critical to this is recognising the role of both factual knowledge and subjective judgements in scoping and problem framing. Yet, modellers experience ongoing practical, theoretical, philosophical and resourcing barriers to embedding human dimension considerations within modelling practice. This thesis therefore aims to generate practical insights for better-integrating human dimensions within IAM by embedding an actor oriented perspective. This rural sociology-informed approach encourages embrace of stakeholder mental model ambiguity and attention to human agency, unequal power dynamics, and differentiated stakeholder experiences as key drivers of system outcomes. In combination with systems thinking, an actor orientation is used to identify concepts, tools and opportunities to strengthen human dimensions of sustainable development within IAM. The resulting multi-step, exploratory integrated modelling methodology is then implemented to analyse the case study of groundwater demand and impacts within Southeast Cambodia. This grounds the research insights within a sustainable development context of growing inequalities and quiet tension between the use of groundwater for irrigation and use for household water supply.Research contributions emerge in three areas. The first is an actor-oriented methodology that prompts consideration to whose perspectives, and what broader contextual factors, inform IAM boundary judgements. Within this, cognitive maps are harnessed to link the perspectives of stakeholders (both practitioners from groundwater-relevant sectors and smallholder farmers) to the design of an exploratory conceptual model, supported by a context-enriching boundary critique. Implementation of this methodology for the Cambodian case study followed by a reflection, guided by three opportunities for strengthening the human dimensions of IAM, identifies key insights to guide IAM practice. For problem framing, an actor orientation is argued to strengthen inclusion of human dimensions in situations where typically consensus-oriented stakeholder participation may not be feasible or advisable. Founded in an expectation of resistance, rather than collaboration, an actor orientation encourages embrace of potential ambiguities and other uncertainties to be propagated into problem framing. The actor-oriented perspective guides a multi-level analytical approach that considers both the incentives of groundwater users and managers and the higher-order contextual factors they are responding to. This leads to development of multiple model structures, using a groundwater model and Bayesian Networks, from the perspectives of both households and water managers. Scenario modelling outputs then challenge those stakeholder perceptions hindering groundwater management. Lessons learnt suggest benefits to practice such as enabling maximum use of available knowledge in a low-resource context; guiding problem framing when a stakeholder consensus may not be feasible or advisable; and supporting parsimony in multi-level analysis via development of multiple model structures from various stakeholder perspectives.A second contribution relates to empirical findings about the stakeholder perceptions hindering better groundwater management outcomes. This research found that water sector practitioners hold central beliefs that groundwater is an undesirable source of irrigation, and that drawdown will likely be self-limiting given the low value of irrigated rice crops. The rural transition and associated policy are therefore considered sufficient to avoid groundwater depletion and promote sustainable development. Comparison with national strategic indicators suggested such perceptions were found to risk encouraging perverse management incentives. A third contribution is new knowledge about the dynamics of southeast Cambodia's groundwater socio-ecological system. Findings showed that farmers pump groundwater to irrigate rice as one of few local income opportunities, but that the resulting greater extremes of the potential profit and debt distribution risk worsening socioeconomic inequality. Finally, three themes for management are identified to encourage a sustainable development focus in Cambodia's water sector: expand water sector objectives, adopt a customer service approach, and manage for robustness of smallholder livelihoods. Cumulatively these research insights support design of integrated assessment processes and management interventions that better-address those human factors essential to improving groundwater sustainability outcomes.
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653 $a Groundwater irrigation
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710 2 $a The Australian National University (Australia). $3 1186624
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