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Orienting the Welfare State : = Electoral Systems, Social Cleavages and Policy Priorities.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Orienting the Welfare State :/
Reminder of title:	Electoral Systems, Social Cleavages and Policy Priorities.
Author:	Kweon, Yesola.
Description:	1 online resource (203 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International78-11A.
Subject:	Political science. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9781369756005

Orienting the Welfare State : = Electoral Systems, Social Cleavages and Policy Priorities.
Kweon, Yesola.

Orienting the Welfare State :Electoral Systems, Social Cleavages and Policy Priorities. - 1 online resource (203 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2017.

Includes bibliographical references

This study examines welfare policy to illustrate how governing parties strategically develop policy positions in response to changing socio-economic conditions. While the emergence of non-class social cleavages rooted in deindustrialization and increased global economic integration has fueled public demand for social protection, an expansion of overall social expenditures is not an option for many governments in an era of fiscal austerity. Confronted by these cross-pressures, some governments have prioritized the protection of marginalized workers and the economically disadvantaged, whereas others have emphasized enhancing the economic opportunities and productivity for the general public. What accounts for the variation in these approaches? By examining 28 OECD countries from 1980s to 2010, I identify the conditions under which incumbent parties pursue their ideological or non-ideological policy positions. On the supply-side of policy constraints, I evaluate how the proportionality of electoral rules determines the electoral costs for parties in pursuing ideological policy stances. On the demand-side of policy constraints, I analyze how the emergence of new types of social divisions affects the strength of the existing class divide, which, in turn, reshapes the policy positions of governing parties. In doing so, I focus on gender as a secondary social division. For empirical tests, I statistically analyze the effects of electoral rules and social cleavages at two levels: party policy positions and policy outcomes. My findings indicate that governments adopt policies based on their partisan ideology only when 1) highly proportional electoral rules provide parties with little incentive to moderate policy stances meant to appeal to the median voter; and 2) there is no powerful secondary cleavage that undermines the salience of the cross-class redistribution. When these two conditions are not satisfied, parties across the political spectrum pursue policies that have a broad range of beneficiaries beyond their partisan voters, converging on valence issues. These findings from cross-national analyses are complemented by a qualitative case study of labor market reforms in four countries - Sweden, Germany, the United States, and South Korea.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9781369756005Subjects--Topical Terms:

558774
Political science.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Electoral systemsIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Orienting the Welfare State : = Electoral Systems, Social Cleavages and Policy Priorities.
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520 $a This study examines welfare policy to illustrate how governing parties strategically develop policy positions in response to changing socio-economic conditions. While the emergence of non-class social cleavages rooted in deindustrialization and increased global economic integration has fueled public demand for social protection, an expansion of overall social expenditures is not an option for many governments in an era of fiscal austerity. Confronted by these cross-pressures, some governments have prioritized the protection of marginalized workers and the economically disadvantaged, whereas others have emphasized enhancing the economic opportunities and productivity for the general public. What accounts for the variation in these approaches? By examining 28 OECD countries from 1980s to 2010, I identify the conditions under which incumbent parties pursue their ideological or non-ideological policy positions. On the supply-side of policy constraints, I evaluate how the proportionality of electoral rules determines the electoral costs for parties in pursuing ideological policy stances. On the demand-side of policy constraints, I analyze how the emergence of new types of social divisions affects the strength of the existing class divide, which, in turn, reshapes the policy positions of governing parties. In doing so, I focus on gender as a secondary social division. For empirical tests, I statistically analyze the effects of electoral rules and social cleavages at two levels: party policy positions and policy outcomes. My findings indicate that governments adopt policies based on their partisan ideology only when 1) highly proportional electoral rules provide parties with little incentive to moderate policy stances meant to appeal to the median voter; and 2) there is no powerful secondary cleavage that undermines the salience of the cross-class redistribution. When these two conditions are not satisfied, parties across the political spectrum pursue policies that have a broad range of beneficiaries beyond their partisan voters, converging on valence issues. These findings from cross-national analyses are complemented by a qualitative case study of labor market reforms in four countries - Sweden, Germany, the United States, and South Korea.
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