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Biomechanical determinants of kayak paddling performance in single-seat and crew boats.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Biomechanical determinants of kayak paddling performance in single-seat and crew boats./
Author:	Gomes, Beatriz Branquinho.
Description:	1 online resource (235 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 79-01, Section: C.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International79-01C.
Subject:	Kinesiology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9781073949441

Biomechanical determinants of kayak paddling performance in single-seat and crew boats.
Gomes, Beatriz Branquinho.

Biomechanical determinants of kayak paddling performance in single-seat and crew boats. - 1 online resource (235 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 79-01, Section: C.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Universidade do Porto (Portugal), 2015.

Includes bibliographical references

The ability to generate propulsion and minimise drag is crucial for success in sprint kayaking. The constraints imposed by water have resulted in a lack of research in on-water kayaking environment. Indeed, both propulsive and resistive forces have been studied mainly in laboratory environment or by computational analysis. Therefore, besides the lack of research and knowledge, there is a lack of instruments adapted to access these variables. This Thesis develops two systems that allow studying both the propulsive forces applied to the paddle - the FPaddle system, as well as the hydrodynamic resistive forces acting on the kayak - the field towing system. These equipments are the basis that enabled developing studies that allowed to perform: 1) the characterisation of the paddle force profile in single-seat (K1) and in double-seat kayak (K2), and 2) the determination of the passive drag that acts upon a kayak. The force curve profile in single-seat kayak was stroke rate dependent and characterised by having a bell shape at training paces and by a two-peak profile at stroke rates closer to race pace. Also a two-peak profile was observed in both bow and stern kayak paddlers on a double-seat kayak when performing at 110 strokes per minute. The mean force and mean force/peak force ratio were found to be variables capable of distinguish performances in single-seat kayak. The results suggested that to achieve a high Fmean/Fpeak ratio kayak paddlers should seek a rapid increase in force immediately after blade entry and need to take the paddle blade out of the water close to the instant when the propulsive forces are still close to the peak force. It was observed a decrease in mean force and impulse in double-seat, when compared with the performance in single-seat. The variable that best correlated with performance in double-seat was the sum of the impulses of the crew per kg. The combined analysis of force and acceleration in K2 suggests that the paddle entry, especially at stern position, should be faster and powerful to compensate the faster moving water, and also the need for a faster and earlier exit of paddle blade from the water, compared with K1, since in K2 there is a higher possibility of having longer periods of deceleration. At same time that kayak paddler increased the kayak velocity and the force applied on the paddle the hydrodynamics drag increased. The analysis showed for top velocity an increase in passive drag of 6.0% and 12.4% for a 75 kg and 85 kg kayak paddler, respectively, when comparing with a 65 kg athlete. However, when analysed different size' kayaks the results suggests that kayak paddlers should select according not only with is weight but also with the race distance and target velocity. Results from the decomposition of the passive drag (friction, pressure and wave) suggest that the path for better hydrodynamic kayak performance should seek changes that have great potential to decrease friction drag and consequently the passive drag, since it accounts for approximately 60% of the total passive drag.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9781073949441Subjects--Topical Terms:

721210
Kinesiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Paddle forceIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Biomechanical determinants of kayak paddling performance in single-seat and crew boats.
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520 $a The ability to generate propulsion and minimise drag is crucial for success in sprint kayaking. The constraints imposed by water have resulted in a lack of research in on-water kayaking environment. Indeed, both propulsive and resistive forces have been studied mainly in laboratory environment or by computational analysis. Therefore, besides the lack of research and knowledge, there is a lack of instruments adapted to access these variables. This Thesis develops two systems that allow studying both the propulsive forces applied to the paddle - the FPaddle system, as well as the hydrodynamic resistive forces acting on the kayak - the field towing system. These equipments are the basis that enabled developing studies that allowed to perform: 1) the characterisation of the paddle force profile in single-seat (K1) and in double-seat kayak (K2), and 2) the determination of the passive drag that acts upon a kayak. The force curve profile in single-seat kayak was stroke rate dependent and characterised by having a bell shape at training paces and by a two-peak profile at stroke rates closer to race pace. Also a two-peak profile was observed in both bow and stern kayak paddlers on a double-seat kayak when performing at 110 strokes per minute. The mean force and mean force/peak force ratio were found to be variables capable of distinguish performances in single-seat kayak. The results suggested that to achieve a high Fmean/Fpeak ratio kayak paddlers should seek a rapid increase in force immediately after blade entry and need to take the paddle blade out of the water close to the instant when the propulsive forces are still close to the peak force. It was observed a decrease in mean force and impulse in double-seat, when compared with the performance in single-seat. The variable that best correlated with performance in double-seat was the sum of the impulses of the crew per kg. The combined analysis of force and acceleration in K2 suggests that the paddle entry, especially at stern position, should be faster and powerful to compensate the faster moving water, and also the need for a faster and earlier exit of paddle blade from the water, compared with K1, since in K2 there is a higher possibility of having longer periods of deceleration. At same time that kayak paddler increased the kayak velocity and the force applied on the paddle the hydrodynamics drag increased. The analysis showed for top velocity an increase in passive drag of 6.0% and 12.4% for a 75 kg and 85 kg kayak paddler, respectively, when comparing with a 65 kg athlete. However, when analysed different size' kayaks the results suggests that kayak paddlers should select according not only with is weight but also with the race distance and target velocity. Results from the decomposition of the passive drag (friction, pressure and wave) suggest that the path for better hydrodynamic kayak performance should seek changes that have great potential to decrease friction drag and consequently the passive drag, since it accounts for approximately 60% of the total passive drag.
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