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Making the Realm, Transforming the People : = Foreign Subjects in Seventh- through Ninth-Century Japan.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Making the Realm, Transforming the People :/
Reminder of title:	Foreign Subjects in Seventh- through Ninth-Century Japan.
Author:	Kanagawa, Nadia.
Description:	1 online resource (284 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-03A.
Subject:	Asian history. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798535596327

Making the Realm, Transforming the People : = Foreign Subjects in Seventh- through Ninth-Century Japan.
Kanagawa, Nadia.

Making the Realm, Transforming the People :Foreign Subjects in Seventh- through Ninth-Century Japan. - 1 online resource (284 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Southern California, 2019.

Includes bibliographical references

The fall of the Korean kingdoms of Paekche and Koguryo in 660 and 668 CE caused waves of immigration to the Japanese archipelago. Less than two centuries later, an official court record shows that almost one third of Japanese court lineages described themselves as being of foreign origin. In recent years, a number of scholars have brought attention to critical contributions made by immigrants to the formation of the early Japanese realm, but the fundamental assumption of these studies is still that Yamato rulers and their court consistently sought to keep immigrants distinct from and under the control of a native elite. One of the initial goals of this project was to challenge the idea of a clear immigrant-native dichotomy by identifying the categories that were meaningful to the people of the time. In considering if and how immigrants and their descendants came to be considered subjects of Yamato, I trace the series of systems that Yamato sovereigns relied on in configuring their subjects. In doing so, I offer a new understanding of what it meant to be a Yamato subject and how that status changed over the course of the seventh through ninth centuries.My dissertation consists of three chapters, with an introduction, and conclusion. The introduction establishes the goals of the study, reviews existing scholarship in both English and Japanese, addresses key terms and methodologies, and presents a brief overview of immigration to the Japanese archipelago before the formation of the Yamato realm in the seventh century.Chapter 1, "Submit and Be Transformed: Immigrants and Immigration in the Ritsuryo Codes," begins with an overview of codified law on the continent and in Yamato. I emphasize the ongoing process of developing, expanding, and interpreting the law codes in Yamato, and show that this process continued well into the Heian period. I then consider the worldview embedded in the Yamato legal codes and commentaries, with particular attention to the categories of people the codes created. I argue that the continual implementation of this process, framed as a "transformation" effected by the civilizing virtue of the ruler, was critical to Yamato's self-declared status as a cosmopolitan realm and therefore to the legitimacy of the ruler. A relatively small handful of clauses in the Yoro codes define the process of becoming a Yamato subject - known as the kika process - and I translate and analyze these clauses. Finally, I consider the implementation of these clauses as reflected in the official histories of the realm and how the pattern of extending privileges to new subjects reflected the importance of the kika process in legitimizing Yamato sovereigns' authority.In Chapter 2, "What's in a Name? Becoming a Subject of the Yamato Sovereign in the Eighth Century," I use official court records to examine the development of eighth-century court policy on granting names and titles to immigrants and their descendants. Over the course of the eighth century, receiving the grant of a Yamato-style name and title from the sovereign became an important marker of belonging and assimilation. A number of scholars have argued that the Yamato court attempted to use these titles to systematically exclude immigrants and their descendants from high rank or office. Drawing on a database of over ten thousand recorded name and title changes from the period, I demonstrate that this is not the case.In Chapter 3, "Our Customs not Theirs: The Shinsen shojiroku and the Early Heian Period," I analyze the Shinsen shōjiroku, an official court genealogy completed in the early ninth century that divided the elite families of the capital and its environs into three categories: royal lines, deity lines, and various foreigners. I begin by considering the history of genealogies in the Yamato court, and then examine Tang court genealogies and early Yamato efforts to create similar comprehensive court genealogies. I then consider the Shinsen shojiroku in the context of the reigns of Kanmu, Heizei, and Saga, with attention to how the project changed from Kanmu's initial order to the completion of the text under Saga. I discuss the contents of the text, and evaluate the major theories about why it was created. I acknowledge that the Shinsen shojiroku reflects a new official attitude towards foreign people and their potential for transformation, but also note the range of strategies employed by lineages in the "various foreigners" category to establish prestigious ancestors and thereby enhance their status at the Yamato court.The conclusion considers the Heian-period shift in the Yamato court, and examines the legacy of the ritsuryo realm. In particular, I examine an early ninth-century edict in which the sovereign and Council of State simultaneously upheld the principle of the kika process while also signaling a shift away from implementing the process. The edict articulated two new categories into which all outsiders entering the realm now fell - merchants and shipwrecked people. Both were understood to be inherently categories of people whose stay in Yamato was temporary, and this shift reflects a wider change in the Yamato realm's attitude towards the outside world and new people arriving in Yamato.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798535596327Subjects--Topical Terms:

810327
Asian history.
Subjects--Index Terms:

GeneaogiesIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Making the Realm, Transforming the People : = Foreign Subjects in Seventh- through Ninth-Century Japan.
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In considering if and how immigrants and their descendants came to be considered subjects of Yamato, I trace the series of systems that Yamato sovereigns relied on in configuring their subjects. In doing so, I offer a new understanding of what it meant to be a Yamato subject and how that status changed over the course of the seventh through ninth centuries.My dissertation consists of three chapters, with an introduction, and conclusion. The introduction establishes the goals of the study, reviews existing scholarship in both English and Japanese, addresses key terms and methodologies, and presents a brief overview of immigration to the Japanese archipelago before the formation of the Yamato realm in the seventh century.Chapter 1, "Submit and Be Transformed: Immigrants and Immigration in the Ritsuryo Codes," begins with an overview of codified law on the continent and in Yamato. I emphasize the ongoing process of developing, expanding, and interpreting the law codes in Yamato, and show that this process continued well into the Heian period. I then consider the worldview embedded in the Yamato legal codes and commentaries, with particular attention to the categories of people the codes created. I argue that the continual implementation of this process, framed as a "transformation" effected by the civilizing virtue of the ruler, was critical to Yamato's self-declared status as a cosmopolitan realm and therefore to the legitimacy of the ruler. A relatively small handful of clauses in the Yoro codes define the process of becoming a Yamato subject - known as the kika process - and I translate and analyze these clauses. Finally, I consider the implementation of these clauses as reflected in the official histories of the realm and how the pattern of extending privileges to new subjects reflected the importance of the kika process in legitimizing Yamato sovereigns' authority.In Chapter 2, "What's in a Name? Becoming a Subject of the Yamato Sovereign in the Eighth Century," I use official court records to examine the development of eighth-century court policy on granting names and titles to immigrants and their descendants. Over the course of the eighth century, receiving the grant of a Yamato-style name and title from the sovereign became an important marker of belonging and assimilation. A number of scholars have argued that the Yamato court attempted to use these titles to systematically exclude immigrants and their descendants from high rank or office. Drawing on a database of over ten thousand recorded name and title changes from the period, I demonstrate that this is not the case.In Chapter 3, "Our Customs not Theirs: The Shinsen shojiroku and the Early Heian Period," I analyze the Shinsen shōjiroku, an official court genealogy completed in the early ninth century that divided the elite families of the capital and its environs into three categories: royal lines, deity lines, and various foreigners. I begin by considering the history of genealogies in the Yamato court, and then examine Tang court genealogies and early Yamato efforts to create similar comprehensive court genealogies. I then consider the Shinsen shojiroku in the context of the reigns of Kanmu, Heizei, and Saga, with attention to how the project changed from Kanmu's initial order to the completion of the text under Saga. I discuss the contents of the text, and evaluate the major theories about why it was created. I acknowledge that the Shinsen shojiroku reflects a new official attitude towards foreign people and their potential for transformation, but also note the range of strategies employed by lineages in the "various foreigners" category to establish prestigious ancestors and thereby enhance their status at the Yamato court.The conclusion considers the Heian-period shift in the Yamato court, and examines the legacy of the ritsuryo realm. In particular, I examine an early ninth-century edict in which the sovereign and Council of State simultaneously upheld the principle of the kika process while also signaling a shift away from implementing the process. The edict articulated two new categories into which all outsiders entering the realm now fell - merchants and shipwrecked people. Both were understood to be inherently categories of people whose stay in Yamato was temporary, and this shift reflects a wider change in the Yamato realm's attitude towards the outside world and new people arriving in Yamato.
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