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Understanding the Environmental Sustainability Of Hygiene Tissue Products and the Supply Chain and Performance of Alternative Fibers for Tissue Applications.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Understanding the Environmental Sustainability Of Hygiene Tissue Products and the Supply Chain and Performance of Alternative Fibers for Tissue Applications./
Author:	Cabello, Amelys Maria Brito.
Description:	1 online resource (255 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-05A.
Subject:	Agricultural production. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380712781

Understanding the Environmental Sustainability Of Hygiene Tissue Products and the Supply Chain and Performance of Alternative Fibers for Tissue Applications.
Cabello, Amelys Maria Brito.

Understanding the Environmental Sustainability Of Hygiene Tissue Products and the Supply Chain and Performance of Alternative Fibers for Tissue Applications. - 1 online resource (255 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

In recent years, the pulp and paper industry has been facing several challenges related to the shrinking demand for some paper grades, like printing and writing, due to digitalization, ecommerce, global lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainty in the supply chain of virgin and recycled fibers, and changes in social behaviors where younger generations are looking to reduce their carbon footprint. These challenges have put pressure on paper manufacturers to assess their environmental impact and expand their use of more sustainable fibers to create environmentally friendly consumer goods. As a result, the pulp and paper industry is now required to produce more sustainable products to meet the demands of new generations. Even though the consumer hygiene tissue market keeps gaining market share, this industry mostly relies on virgin fibers, i.e., Bleached Eucalyptus Kraft (BEK) and Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK), with a small share coming from recycled fibers, i.e., Sorted Office Paper (SOP). This has led hygiene tissue products to be the target of environmental controversies due to the single utilization of virgin fibers in their manufacturing process.To address this issue, this study evaluates the environmental profile of conventional consumer hygiene tissue products in the United States, the supply chain and cost assessment of agricultural residues as a substitute for conventional fibers in the production of hygiene tissue, the performance of tissue made from mechanical pulps from wheat straw and the repulpability of a broad spectrum of paper products. Thus, as an outcome, a methodology was developed to study the environmental sustainability of hygiene tissue products and the supply chain and performance of alternative fibers for tissue.The first study focuses on evaluating the environmental sustainability of Premium and Ultra hygiene tissue products made from BEK and NBSK fibers. The study assesses the impact of using different types of advanced through-air dry (TAD) technologies to produce hygiene tissue in various regions across the United States. Results show that one air-dried metric ton (ADmt) of BEK pulp has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of ca. 388 kgCO2eq, while one ADmt of NBSK pulp had values ranging from 448 to 596 kgCO2eq, depending on the allocation methodology used. Furthermore, the study reveals that the carbon footprint of one finished metric ton of tissue could range from 1,392 to 3,075 kgCO2eq, depending on the mill location, electricity source, and machine technology used. These findings can serve as valuable insights to guide manufacturers and consumers in making informed decisions that can positively impact their carbon footprint.The second study evaluates the sustainability metrics for hygiene tissue products made from recycled fibers in the United States. The study uses two different allocation methods, cutoff and Number of Uses (NOU), to address how to allocate the paper's first life burdens. The environmental life cycle assessment is conducted on consumer bath tissue made from 100% Sorted Office Paper (SOP), using Light Dry Creped (LDC) as a conventional drying technology to produce tissue. The results are then compared to those of Premium and Ultra tissue. The study found that the SOP had a GWP of 77 kgCO2eq and 487 kgCO2eq per ODmt, depending on the allocation method used.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380712781Subjects--Topical Terms:

1372530
Agricultural production.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Understanding the Environmental Sustainability Of Hygiene Tissue Products and the Supply Chain and Performance of Alternative Fibers for Tissue Applications.
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520 $a In recent years, the pulp and paper industry has been facing several challenges related to the shrinking demand for some paper grades, like printing and writing, due to digitalization, ecommerce, global lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainty in the supply chain of virgin and recycled fibers, and changes in social behaviors where younger generations are looking to reduce their carbon footprint. These challenges have put pressure on paper manufacturers to assess their environmental impact and expand their use of more sustainable fibers to create environmentally friendly consumer goods. As a result, the pulp and paper industry is now required to produce more sustainable products to meet the demands of new generations. Even though the consumer hygiene tissue market keeps gaining market share, this industry mostly relies on virgin fibers, i.e., Bleached Eucalyptus Kraft (BEK) and Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK), with a small share coming from recycled fibers, i.e., Sorted Office Paper (SOP). This has led hygiene tissue products to be the target of environmental controversies due to the single utilization of virgin fibers in their manufacturing process.To address this issue, this study evaluates the environmental profile of conventional consumer hygiene tissue products in the United States, the supply chain and cost assessment of agricultural residues as a substitute for conventional fibers in the production of hygiene tissue, the performance of tissue made from mechanical pulps from wheat straw and the repulpability of a broad spectrum of paper products. Thus, as an outcome, a methodology was developed to study the environmental sustainability of hygiene tissue products and the supply chain and performance of alternative fibers for tissue.The first study focuses on evaluating the environmental sustainability of Premium and Ultra hygiene tissue products made from BEK and NBSK fibers. The study assesses the impact of using different types of advanced through-air dry (TAD) technologies to produce hygiene tissue in various regions across the United States. Results show that one air-dried metric ton (ADmt) of BEK pulp has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of ca. 388 kgCO2eq, while one ADmt of NBSK pulp had values ranging from 448 to 596 kgCO2eq, depending on the allocation methodology used. Furthermore, the study reveals that the carbon footprint of one finished metric ton of tissue could range from 1,392 to 3,075 kgCO2eq, depending on the mill location, electricity source, and machine technology used. These findings can serve as valuable insights to guide manufacturers and consumers in making informed decisions that can positively impact their carbon footprint.The second study evaluates the sustainability metrics for hygiene tissue products made from recycled fibers in the United States. The study uses two different allocation methods, cutoff and Number of Uses (NOU), to address how to allocate the paper's first life burdens. The environmental life cycle assessment is conducted on consumer bath tissue made from 100% Sorted Office Paper (SOP), using Light Dry Creped (LDC) as a conventional drying technology to produce tissue. The results are then compared to those of Premium and Ultra tissue. The study found that the SOP had a GWP of 77 kgCO2eq and 487 kgCO2eq per ODmt, depending on the allocation method used.
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