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Essays in Firm Organization-Trade and Innovation.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Essays in Firm Organization-Trade and Innovation./
Author:	Liu, Jin.
Description:	1 online resource (247 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-12A.
Subject:	Finance. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798383161135

Essays in Firm Organization-Trade and Innovation.
Liu, Jin.

Essays in Firm Organization-Trade and Innovation. - 1 online resource (247 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2024.

Includes bibliographical references

In this thesis, I explore the micro-level decisions of firms in international trade and innovation, along with their broader impacts on industry competition and global economies. Specifically, I investigate how the fundamental colocation benefits between production and innovation activities affect multinational firms' global location choices, I evaluate the role of information frictions and market congestion on global e-commerce platforms, and I examine the strategic use of patent disclosures by firms as a signaling mechanism to competitors.Multinational firms offshore both manufacturing production and innovation to foreign countries. The decision to offshore these activities to the same or different countries hinges on the trade-off between the benefits of colocation-where proximity to production can enhance innovation efficiency and reduce its costs-and the forces driving their separation. The latter, primarily coming from countries' comparative advantages in production costs and innovation returns, is relatively well-documented. However, there is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding the existence and magnitude of colocation benefits. The first chapter utilizes administrative data from the US Census Bureau to document the pattern among firms to colocate production and innovation activities. I explore plausibly exogenous variations from tariffs, particularly the Trump Tariffs policy, to identify a causal effect of offshore production on offshore innovation, revealing complementarity between them not only within the same host country but also across neighboring countries within the same region. I build an empirical model of firms' global location choices that accounts for mechanisms of colocation benefits and cross-country interdependencies in offshoring. Counterfactual analyses suggest that when the US brings back production, the reshoring of innovation is limited. Additionally, the effects of trade policies are found to be nonlinear, contingent upon firm heterogeneity and policy intensity. These effects accumulate over time due to firms' endogenous innovation efforts.In the second chapter, co-authored with Jie Bai, Maggie Chen, Xiaosheng Mu, and Daniel Xu, we investigate the impact of market congestion and information frictions on firm dynamics and market efficiency in global e-commerce. We purchased children's t-shirts from AliExpress and conducted our own quality assessments, which considered the physical product quality, the quality of the seller's service, and the shipping quality. Using these self-collected quality measures, we document substantial demand-side frictions and potential misallocation in the online marketplace. We conducted a randomized experiment that provided new exporters with exogenous demand boosts and information shocks, only to discover that the platform's existing tools are inefficient to help small sellers overcome these frictions effectively. This ineffectiveness is largely attributed to market congestion caused by an overwhelming number of sellers. Our findings suggest a policy implication: simple, blanket-wide onboarding initiatives can exacerbate market congestion and hinder the discovery of high-quality sellers by consumers. A more effective policy for governments in developing countries would involve a combination of onboarding processes with screening and certification that inject information into the market.The third chapter, co-authored with Deepak Hegde and Boyan Jovanovic, develops a model of strategic disclosure in which patenting inventors possess private information about their invention's quality. We show that under certain conditions, high quality inventors signal their private information to competitors by disclosing their patents sooner. We test the model's predictions by analyzing inventors' disclosure choices after the American Inventors' Protection Act of 1999, which allowed inventors to accelerate the disclosure of their patent applications. The empirical results are consistent with the model's predictions and show that (i) higher quality inventions are disclosed sooner; and (ii) early disclosure of important inventions is more common among small and under-capitalized firms which, arguably, tend to gain more from signaling. We further derive and estimate inter-industry variation in inventors' disclosure strategies and the speed of competitors' learning from disclosures.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798383161135Subjects--Topical Terms:

559073
Finance.
Subjects--Index Terms:

E-commerceIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Essays in Firm Organization-Trade and Innovation.
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520 $a In this thesis, I explore the micro-level decisions of firms in international trade and innovation, along with their broader impacts on industry competition and global economies. Specifically, I investigate how the fundamental colocation benefits between production and innovation activities affect multinational firms' global location choices, I evaluate the role of information frictions and market congestion on global e-commerce platforms, and I examine the strategic use of patent disclosures by firms as a signaling mechanism to competitors.Multinational firms offshore both manufacturing production and innovation to foreign countries. The decision to offshore these activities to the same or different countries hinges on the trade-off between the benefits of colocation-where proximity to production can enhance innovation efficiency and reduce its costs-and the forces driving their separation. The latter, primarily coming from countries' comparative advantages in production costs and innovation returns, is relatively well-documented. However, there is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding the existence and magnitude of colocation benefits. The first chapter utilizes administrative data from the US Census Bureau to document the pattern among firms to colocate production and innovation activities. I explore plausibly exogenous variations from tariffs, particularly the Trump Tariffs policy, to identify a causal effect of offshore production on offshore innovation, revealing complementarity between them not only within the same host country but also across neighboring countries within the same region. I build an empirical model of firms' global location choices that accounts for mechanisms of colocation benefits and cross-country interdependencies in offshoring. Counterfactual analyses suggest that when the US brings back production, the reshoring of innovation is limited. Additionally, the effects of trade policies are found to be nonlinear, contingent upon firm heterogeneity and policy intensity. These effects accumulate over time due to firms' endogenous innovation efforts.In the second chapter, co-authored with Jie Bai, Maggie Chen, Xiaosheng Mu, and Daniel Xu, we investigate the impact of market congestion and information frictions on firm dynamics and market efficiency in global e-commerce. We purchased children's t-shirts from AliExpress and conducted our own quality assessments, which considered the physical product quality, the quality of the seller's service, and the shipping quality. Using these self-collected quality measures, we document substantial demand-side frictions and potential misallocation in the online marketplace. We conducted a randomized experiment that provided new exporters with exogenous demand boosts and information shocks, only to discover that the platform's existing tools are inefficient to help small sellers overcome these frictions effectively. This ineffectiveness is largely attributed to market congestion caused by an overwhelming number of sellers. Our findings suggest a policy implication: simple, blanket-wide onboarding initiatives can exacerbate market congestion and hinder the discovery of high-quality sellers by consumers. A more effective policy for governments in developing countries would involve a combination of onboarding processes with screening and certification that inject information into the market.The third chapter, co-authored with Deepak Hegde and Boyan Jovanovic, develops a model of strategic disclosure in which patenting inventors possess private information about their invention's quality. We show that under certain conditions, high quality inventors signal their private information to competitors by disclosing their patents sooner. We test the model's predictions by analyzing inventors' disclosure choices after the American Inventors' Protection Act of 1999, which allowed inventors to accelerate the disclosure of their patent applications. The empirical results are consistent with the model's predictions and show that (i) higher quality inventions are disclosed sooner; and (ii) early disclosure of important inventions is more common among small and under-capitalized firms which, arguably, tend to gain more from signaling. We further derive and estimate inter-industry variation in inventors' disclosure strategies and the speed of competitors' learning from disclosures.
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