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Deficits in Human Motor Function Introduced by Neuromodulatory Inputs to Motor Units.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Deficits in Human Motor Function Introduced by Neuromodulatory Inputs to Motor Units./
Author:	Beauchamp, James Drew.
Description:	1 online resource (250 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-06B.
Subject:	Biomedical engineering. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798381177114

Deficits in Human Motor Function Introduced by Neuromodulatory Inputs to Motor Units.
Beauchamp, James Drew.

Deficits in Human Motor Function Introduced by Neuromodulatory Inputs to Motor Units. - 1 online resource (250 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Voluntary movement is generated through the coordinated action of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory commands to spinal motoneurons. A primary component of these neuromodulatory commands includes brainstem-generated monoamines (i.e., norepinephrine, serotonin), which facilitate intrinsically driven excitatory currents in spinal motoneurons, called persistent inward currents (PICs), and markedly enhance motoneuron excitability. While these neuromodulatory effects are critical for normal motor function, PICs and their facilitation by monoamines may introduce unforeseen complexities in human motor function. Explicitly, PICs generate an amplification and prolongation of excitatory synaptic input that necessitates task-dependent inhibitory control, lest they engender aberrant discharge behaviors. Furthermore, the facilitation of PICs by monoamines increases motoneuron excitability and likely generates motor impairments in pathological conditions with monoaminergic dysfunction (e.g., chronic stroke). To unravel these potentially detrimental effects, I will introduce new approaches to quantify PICs in human motor units and detail instances where PICs and neuromodulatory inputs to motoneurons may hinder human motor function. This includes the introduction of impediments to precise torque control and the facilitation of neuromodulatory effects on motoneurons when a muscle is shortened, potentially contributing to muscle cramps. I will then investigate changes in PICs following neural injury and characterize their contribution to motor impairments in chronic hemiparetic stroke. Through this collection of experiments, I will offer fundamental insight into the role of neuromodulatory inputs to human motor units, including their contributions to motor unit discharge properties, their introduction of task-based hindrances to motor function, and their potential role in post-stroke motor impairments.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798381177114Subjects--Topical Terms:

588770
Biomedical engineering.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Chronic strokeIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Deficits in Human Motor Function Introduced by Neuromodulatory Inputs to Motor Units.
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520 $a Voluntary movement is generated through the coordinated action of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory commands to spinal motoneurons. A primary component of these neuromodulatory commands includes brainstem-generated monoamines (i.e., norepinephrine, serotonin), which facilitate intrinsically driven excitatory currents in spinal motoneurons, called persistent inward currents (PICs), and markedly enhance motoneuron excitability. While these neuromodulatory effects are critical for normal motor function, PICs and their facilitation by monoamines may introduce unforeseen complexities in human motor function. Explicitly, PICs generate an amplification and prolongation of excitatory synaptic input that necessitates task-dependent inhibitory control, lest they engender aberrant discharge behaviors. Furthermore, the facilitation of PICs by monoamines increases motoneuron excitability and likely generates motor impairments in pathological conditions with monoaminergic dysfunction (e.g., chronic stroke). To unravel these potentially detrimental effects, I will introduce new approaches to quantify PICs in human motor units and detail instances where PICs and neuromodulatory inputs to motoneurons may hinder human motor function. This includes the introduction of impediments to precise torque control and the facilitation of neuromodulatory effects on motoneurons when a muscle is shortened, potentially contributing to muscle cramps. I will then investigate changes in PICs following neural injury and characterize their contribution to motor impairments in chronic hemiparetic stroke. Through this collection of experiments, I will offer fundamental insight into the role of neuromodulatory inputs to human motor units, including their contributions to motor unit discharge properties, their introduction of task-based hindrances to motor function, and their potential role in post-stroke motor impairments.
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