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Muscle Mitochondrial Health : = Ageing, Physical Activity And Molecular Mechanisms.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Muscle Mitochondrial Health :/
Reminder of title:	Ageing, Physical Activity And Molecular Mechanisms.
Author:	Lagerwaard, Bart.
Description:	1 online resource (121 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-01, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-01B.
Subject:	Physiology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798835542567

Muscle Mitochondrial Health : = Ageing, Physical Activity And Molecular Mechanisms.
Lagerwaard, Bart.

Muscle Mitochondrial Health :Ageing, Physical Activity And Molecular Mechanisms. - 1 online resource (121 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-01, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2021.

Includes bibliographical references

Muscle mass and strength are reported to decline with age. Due to the vital role the muscle in daily life activities, increased loss of muscle mass and strength is associated with functional decline, decreased quality of life and increased hospitalisation rates. Therefore, maintaining skeletal muscle mass and strength with age is a key component in healthy ageing. One of the postulated causes of the decline in mass and strength is the decline in the amount and the quality of the muscle mitochondria, collectively referred to as mitochondrial capacity. Nevertheless, the exact contribution of the mitochondria is still under debate. Therefore, this thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the role of skeletal muscle mitochondria during ageing. Understanding the role of the contributors to skeletal muscle ageing on the physiologic and molecular level could focus intervention strategies to ultimately to sustain muscle mass and strength with age.Current methods to assess mitochondrial capacity in humans are either invasive, such as the sampling of muscle tissue via a muscle biopsy, or less accessible, due to expensive and specialised equipment, such as 31P-MRS. In recent years, the assessment of mitochondrial capacity using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has offered relief to these limitations. Yet, additional effort is needed to extend the use of NIRS to also study the effect of age on mitochondrial capacity. For example, previous studies compared groups of subjects with large expected differences in mitochondrial capacity, and therefore it was unknown if NIRS is able to detect relatively smaller differences in mitochondrial capacity, such as might be expected between a young and older population. In chapter 2 we demonstrated that NIRS was able to detect differences in mitochondrial capacity in the gastrocnemius muscle in a homogenous population of high- and low-fitness males, with a smaller expected difference in mitochondrial capacity than was previously assessed. In chapter 3 we additionally showed that NIRS is able to detect differences in mitochondrial capacity the gastrocnemius muscle in a population of a high- and low-fitness females. Furthermore, we show that NIRS correlates with other measures of oxidative capacity, underlining the physiological relevance of NIRS assessment of mitochondrial capacity. This demonstrates that NIRS could be a valuable tool to study muscle mitochondrial capacity in an ageing population In chapter 4 we used NIRS to assess the effect of age on mitochondrial capacity in a population of older (65-71 years) and young (19-25 years) males. Due to the interaction between physical activity, mitochondrial capacity and age, the two age groups were selected based on self-reported, similar physical activity, which was verified using a 5-day accelerometry measurement. We showed that NIRS was able to detect differences in mitochondrial capacity between the two age groups in the gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis, but not tibialis anterior. This showed that not all muscle groups display similar mitochondrial ageing and, because we observed these effects despite similar physical activity, the lower mitochondrial capacity is likely a direct effect of ageing and cannot be completely prevented by physical activity. Nevertheless, a higher mitochondrial capacity was correlated with spending more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, suggesting that physical activity might ameliorate part of the age-related decline in mitochondrial capacity. In chapter 5 we used transcriptome sequencing to identify molecular mechanisms of ageing in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in the aforementioned population. The significant regulated processes in older compared to young muscle included: cell-adhesion, the matrisome, innervation and inflammation, which were largely upregulated, and oxidative metabolism, which was downregulated. In accordance with the transcriptome results, the protein expression of some mitochondrial respiratory complexes was lower in older compared to young muscle. Moreover, the expression of these complexes in the older group was correlated with in vivo mitochondrial capacity in the vastus lateralis. This showed that the observed lower mitochondrial capacity could be explained by a lower expression of mitochondrial complex proteins and further substantiated the use of NIRS to measure mitochondrial capacity in vivo.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798835542567Subjects--Topical Terms:

673386
Physiology.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Muscle Mitochondrial Health : = Ageing, Physical Activity And Molecular Mechanisms.
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520 $a Muscle mass and strength are reported to decline with age. Due to the vital role the muscle in daily life activities, increased loss of muscle mass and strength is associated with functional decline, decreased quality of life and increased hospitalisation rates. Therefore, maintaining skeletal muscle mass and strength with age is a key component in healthy ageing. One of the postulated causes of the decline in mass and strength is the decline in the amount and the quality of the muscle mitochondria, collectively referred to as mitochondrial capacity. Nevertheless, the exact contribution of the mitochondria is still under debate. Therefore, this thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the role of skeletal muscle mitochondria during ageing. Understanding the role of the contributors to skeletal muscle ageing on the physiologic and molecular level could focus intervention strategies to ultimately to sustain muscle mass and strength with age.Current methods to assess mitochondrial capacity in humans are either invasive, such as the sampling of muscle tissue via a muscle biopsy, or less accessible, due to expensive and specialised equipment, such as 31P-MRS. In recent years, the assessment of mitochondrial capacity using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has offered relief to these limitations. Yet, additional effort is needed to extend the use of NIRS to also study the effect of age on mitochondrial capacity. For example, previous studies compared groups of subjects with large expected differences in mitochondrial capacity, and therefore it was unknown if NIRS is able to detect relatively smaller differences in mitochondrial capacity, such as might be expected between a young and older population. In chapter 2 we demonstrated that NIRS was able to detect differences in mitochondrial capacity in the gastrocnemius muscle in a homogenous population of high- and low-fitness males, with a smaller expected difference in mitochondrial capacity than was previously assessed. In chapter 3 we additionally showed that NIRS is able to detect differences in mitochondrial capacity the gastrocnemius muscle in a population of a high- and low-fitness females. Furthermore, we show that NIRS correlates with other measures of oxidative capacity, underlining the physiological relevance of NIRS assessment of mitochondrial capacity. This demonstrates that NIRS could be a valuable tool to study muscle mitochondrial capacity in an ageing population In chapter 4 we used NIRS to assess the effect of age on mitochondrial capacity in a population of older (65-71 years) and young (19-25 years) males. Due to the interaction between physical activity, mitochondrial capacity and age, the two age groups were selected based on self-reported, similar physical activity, which was verified using a 5-day accelerometry measurement. We showed that NIRS was able to detect differences in mitochondrial capacity between the two age groups in the gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis, but not tibialis anterior. This showed that not all muscle groups display similar mitochondrial ageing and, because we observed these effects despite similar physical activity, the lower mitochondrial capacity is likely a direct effect of ageing and cannot be completely prevented by physical activity. Nevertheless, a higher mitochondrial capacity was correlated with spending more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, suggesting that physical activity might ameliorate part of the age-related decline in mitochondrial capacity. In chapter 5 we used transcriptome sequencing to identify molecular mechanisms of ageing in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in the aforementioned population. The significant regulated processes in older compared to young muscle included: cell-adhesion, the matrisome, innervation and inflammation, which were largely upregulated, and oxidative metabolism, which was downregulated. In accordance with the transcriptome results, the protein expression of some mitochondrial respiratory complexes was lower in older compared to young muscle. Moreover, the expression of these complexes in the older group was correlated with in vivo mitochondrial capacity in the vastus lateralis. This showed that the observed lower mitochondrial capacity could be explained by a lower expression of mitochondrial complex proteins and further substantiated the use of NIRS to measure mitochondrial capacity in vivo.
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