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Ecological, Microbiological, and Genetic Factors Underlying Dietary Toxin Tolerance in Herbivorous Mammals (Neotoma Spp.).

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Ecological, Microbiological, and Genetic Factors Underlying Dietary Toxin Tolerance in Herbivorous Mammals (Neotoma Spp.)./
Author:	Klure, Dylan Markus.
Description:	1 online resource (206 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-04B.
Subject:	Biology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380586146

Ecological, Microbiological, and Genetic Factors Underlying Dietary Toxin Tolerance in Herbivorous Mammals (Neotoma Spp.).
Klure, Dylan Markus.

Ecological, Microbiological, and Genetic Factors Underlying Dietary Toxin Tolerance in Herbivorous Mammals (Neotoma Spp.). - 1 online resource (206 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Utah, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

The evolution of mammalian herbivores is broadly shaped by their interactions with chemically defended plants. However, the various mechanisms by which mammalian herbivores are able to circumvent plant defenses remains poorly understood. To address this deficiency, this work investigated the factors underlying dietary toxin tolerance in two closely related species, the Bryant's woodrat (Neotoma bryanti) and desert woodrat (N. lepida). These two species have recently experienced a radical change in diet secondary to the expansion of toxic creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) across much of the southwestern United States within the last 15,000 years. This research demonstrates that woodrats are able to subsist on a diet of creosote bush through several key innovations. First, in the wet season woodrats demonstrate season-dependent foraging behavior where they reduce ingestion of woody shrubs and instead feed on a high diversity of ephemeral plants. This behavior enables the acquisition of nutrients from less toxic resources and thus, reduce metabolic costs associated with liver biotransformation. As a result of this feeding behavior, woodrats gain body mass during this period, which is likely critical for their ability to subsist on a less diverse and more toxic diet during the dry season. Second, creosote-feeding woodrats harbor a stable and abundant core gut microbial community that is enriched in families associated with the degradation of plant polysaccharides and xenobiotics. The abundance of some members of this core bacterial community were even correlated with the amount of creosote bush ingested, further implicating their putative role in its metabolism. These results indicate that creosote-feeding woodrats have assembled a distinct community of symbiotic microorganisms in their guts that aids them in nutrient acquisition and xenobiotic metabolism. Third, creosote-feeding N. bryanti and N. lepida have experienced large-scale tandem duplications of genes that code for several liver enzymes that are critical for the biotransformation of plants toxins. There is also evidence for parallel amino acid substitutions in several of these duplicated genes across species. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the evolution of creosote bush feeding in woodrats is multifactorial and requires the evolution of distinct behavioral, genetic and microbial adaptations.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380586146Subjects--Topical Terms:

599573
Biology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Microbial adaptationsIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Ecological, Microbiological, and Genetic Factors Underlying Dietary Toxin Tolerance in Herbivorous Mammals (Neotoma Spp.).
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520 $a The evolution of mammalian herbivores is broadly shaped by their interactions with chemically defended plants. However, the various mechanisms by which mammalian herbivores are able to circumvent plant defenses remains poorly understood. To address this deficiency, this work investigated the factors underlying dietary toxin tolerance in two closely related species, the Bryant's woodrat (Neotoma bryanti) and desert woodrat (N. lepida). These two species have recently experienced a radical change in diet secondary to the expansion of toxic creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) across much of the southwestern United States within the last 15,000 years. This research demonstrates that woodrats are able to subsist on a diet of creosote bush through several key innovations. First, in the wet season woodrats demonstrate season-dependent foraging behavior where they reduce ingestion of woody shrubs and instead feed on a high diversity of ephemeral plants. This behavior enables the acquisition of nutrients from less toxic resources and thus, reduce metabolic costs associated with liver biotransformation. As a result of this feeding behavior, woodrats gain body mass during this period, which is likely critical for their ability to subsist on a less diverse and more toxic diet during the dry season. Second, creosote-feeding woodrats harbor a stable and abundant core gut microbial community that is enriched in families associated with the degradation of plant polysaccharides and xenobiotics. The abundance of some members of this core bacterial community were even correlated with the amount of creosote bush ingested, further implicating their putative role in its metabolism. These results indicate that creosote-feeding woodrats have assembled a distinct community of symbiotic microorganisms in their guts that aids them in nutrient acquisition and xenobiotic metabolism. Third, creosote-feeding N. bryanti and N. lepida have experienced large-scale tandem duplications of genes that code for several liver enzymes that are critical for the biotransformation of plants toxins. There is also evidence for parallel amino acid substitutions in several of these duplicated genes across species. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the evolution of creosote bush feeding in woodrats is multifactorial and requires the evolution of distinct behavioral, genetic and microbial adaptations.
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