國立虎尾科技大學 |

Fly in the Coop : = How Black Soldier Fly Larvae Improve Broiler and Pig Welfare.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Fly in the Coop :/
Reminder of title:	How Black Soldier Fly Larvae Improve Broiler and Pig Welfare.
Author:	Ipema, Allyson F.
Description:	1 online resource (354 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-04B.
Subject:	Physiology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380563895

Fly in the Coop : = How Black Soldier Fly Larvae Improve Broiler and Pig Welfare.
Ipema, Allyson F.

Fly in the Coop :How Black Soldier Fly Larvae Improve Broiler and Pig Welfare. - 1 online resource (354 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Including insects in the diet of livestock has been suggested to increase the environmental sustainability of livestock production systems. Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens,BSFL) are very suitable for this as they can consume organic waste streams and can be reared with a relatively small negative environmental impact. BSFL also have the potential to benefit livestock welfare, though this potential remains to be explored. Many commercially reared broilers and pigs experience welfare problems. Broilers have a high growth rate and are housed in stimulus-poor environments at high stocking densities, which limits their ability to perform essential natural foraging behaviours such as ground pecking and ground scratching. As a result, broilers often suffer from (leg) health problems (e.g., contact dermatitis and lameness) and may experience negative affective (i.e., emotional) states. Pigs are also very motivated to explore their environment through exploratory behaviour such as rooting and chewing, but these behaviours are not facilitated by barren commercial pens. Consequently, pigs frequently redirect exploratory behaviour towards pen mates by damaging behaviour such as tail or ear biting, and they may experience negative affective states. Furthermore, the early and abrupt commercial weaning process does not allow piglets to become sufficiently familiar with solid feed items before weaning. This combined with additional stressors around weaning (e.g., relocation to a different pen and in many cases being mixed with unfamiliar piglets) can lead to health problems and reduced production performance post-weaning. Also, directly after weaning piglets show increased damaging behaviour towards pen mates, especially when housed in pens without relevant distractions. Providing broilers and pigs with whole BSFL might stimulate natural foraging and exploratory behaviour and consequently may improve broiler and pig welfare. That was investigated in this PhD thesis.This thesis is divided in three parts. In the first part the effect of BSFL provisioning on broiler welfare was investigated. Within this, BSFL provisioning methods that caused the highest welfare benefits were determined. In the second part the effect of live BSFL provisioning on pig welfare around the weaning transition was studied. Additionally, in this part the interest of pigs in live BSFL was compared to other feed items and enrichment materials. For both broilers and pigs three key aspects of welfare were considered: natural behaviour, health and biological functioning, and affective states. Finally, the third part considered the big picture. This was done by creating principles for the responsible use of insects in sustainable livestock production systems, and by providing a synthesis and discussion of all chapters, giving directions for future research, and reflecting on the role of insects in sustainable food systems.Black soldier fly larvae for broilersIn Chapter 2 live BSFL were provided to broilers. This happened in different amounts (i.e., 5% or 10% of the dietary dry matter (DM) replaced with BSFL) and at different frequencies (i.e., scattering BSFL through the pen two or four times a day across the bedding), resulting in four combinations of amounts and frequencies that were compared to a control treatment without BSFL provisioning. Broilers were housed at final stocking densities of 14 kg/m2. All combinations of amounts and frequencies increased the time broilers spent on foraging behaviours and their overall activity level compared to controls.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380563895Subjects--Topical Terms:

673386
Physiology.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Fly in the Coop : = How Black Soldier Fly Larvae Improve Broiler and Pig Welfare.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2023.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Including insects in the diet of livestock has been suggested to increase the environmental sustainability of livestock production systems. Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens,BSFL) are very suitable for this as they can consume organic waste streams and can be reared with a relatively small negative environmental impact. BSFL also have the potential to benefit livestock welfare, though this potential remains to be explored. Many commercially reared broilers and pigs experience welfare problems. Broilers have a high growth rate and are housed in stimulus-poor environments at high stocking densities, which limits their ability to perform essential natural foraging behaviours such as ground pecking and ground scratching. As a result, broilers often suffer from (leg) health problems (e.g., contact dermatitis and lameness) and may experience negative affective (i.e., emotional) states. Pigs are also very motivated to explore their environment through exploratory behaviour such as rooting and chewing, but these behaviours are not facilitated by barren commercial pens. Consequently, pigs frequently redirect exploratory behaviour towards pen mates by damaging behaviour such as tail or ear biting, and they may experience negative affective states. Furthermore, the early and abrupt commercial weaning process does not allow piglets to become sufficiently familiar with solid feed items before weaning. This combined with additional stressors around weaning (e.g., relocation to a different pen and in many cases being mixed with unfamiliar piglets) can lead to health problems and reduced production performance post-weaning. Also, directly after weaning piglets show increased damaging behaviour towards pen mates, especially when housed in pens without relevant distractions. Providing broilers and pigs with whole BSFL might stimulate natural foraging and exploratory behaviour and consequently may improve broiler and pig welfare. That was investigated in this PhD thesis.This thesis is divided in three parts. In the first part the effect of BSFL provisioning on broiler welfare was investigated. Within this, BSFL provisioning methods that caused the highest welfare benefits were determined. In the second part the effect of live BSFL provisioning on pig welfare around the weaning transition was studied. Additionally, in this part the interest of pigs in live BSFL was compared to other feed items and enrichment materials. For both broilers and pigs three key aspects of welfare were considered: natural behaviour, health and biological functioning, and affective states. Finally, the third part considered the big picture. This was done by creating principles for the responsible use of insects in sustainable livestock production systems, and by providing a synthesis and discussion of all chapters, giving directions for future research, and reflecting on the role of insects in sustainable food systems.Black soldier fly larvae for broilersIn Chapter 2 live BSFL were provided to broilers. This happened in different amounts (i.e., 5% or 10% of the dietary dry matter (DM) replaced with BSFL) and at different frequencies (i.e., scattering BSFL through the pen two or four times a day across the bedding), resulting in four combinations of amounts and frequencies that were compared to a control treatment without BSFL provisioning. Broilers were housed at final stocking densities of 14 kg/m2. All combinations of amounts and frequencies increased the time broilers spent on foraging behaviours and their overall activity level compared to controls.
520 $a Het toevoegen van insecten aan het dieet van landbouwhuisdieren zou de duurzaamheid van de veehouderij mogelijk kunnen verhogen. Zwarte soldatenvlieg larven (Hermetia illucens,ZSL) lijken hiervoor zeer geschikt omdat ze kunnen groeien op organische reststromen en omdat hun kweek relatief weinig negatieve invloed heeft op het milieu. Het verstrekken van ZSL zou mogelijk ook positieve effecten op het welzijn van landbouwhuisdieren kunnen hebben, maar dit is nog niet onderzocht. Veel commercieel gehouden vleeskuikens en varkens ervaren welzijnsproblemen. Vleeskuikens groeien snel en worden meestal gehouden in een stimulus-arme omgeving met een hoge bezettingsdichtheid, waardoor ze hun essentiele foerageergedrag scharrelen minder goed uit kunnen voeren. Hierdoor hebben vleeskuikens vaak gezondheidsproblemen aan hun poten (bv. voetzoollaesies en kreupelheid) en ervaren ze mogelijk een negatieve emotionele toestand. Varkens zijn ook zeer gemotiveerd om hun omgeving te ontdekken via exploratieve gedragingen zoals wroeten en kauwen, maar in de stimulus-arme hokken waarin ze commercieel gehouden worden kunnen ze deze gedragingen niet goed uitvoeren. Daardoor richten varkens hun exploratieve gedragingen vaak op hokgenoten in de vorm van beschadigend gedrag zoals staart- of oorbijten, en ervaren ze mogelijk een negatieve emotionele toestand. Daarnaast worden biggen in de gangbare varkenshouderij vaak vroeg en abrupt gespeend, waardoor ze weinig ervaring op kunnen doen met het eten van vast voedsel voor spenen. In combinatie met de andere stressoren rondom spenen (bv. verplaatsen naar een ander hok en in veel gevallen gemengd worden met onbekende biggen) kan dit zorgen voor gezondheidsproblemen en verlaagde voedselopname en groei na spenen. Ook vertonen biggen direct na spenen meer beschadigend gedrag richting hokgenoten, vooral als ze gehuisvest worden in hokken zonder enige afleiding. Het aanbieden van hele ZSL aan vleeskuikens en varkens zou hun natuurlijke foerageer- en exploratiegedrag kunnen stimuleren, en als gevolg hiervan mogelijk hun welzijn kunnen verbeteren. Dat is onderzocht in dit proefschrift.Dit proefschrift is opgedeeld in drie delen. In het eerste deel werd het effect van het aanbieden van ZSL op het welzijn van vleeskuikens onderzocht. Hierbij werd bepaald welke methoden voor het verstrekken van larven zorgde voor de grootste welzijnsvoordelen. In het tweede deel werd het effect van het aanbieden van ZSL op het welzijn van biggen rond het speenproces onderzocht. In dit deel werd onder meer de interesse van varkens in levende ZSL vergeleken met andere voeder items en verrijkingsmaterialen. Bij vleeskuikens en varkens werden drie belangrijke aspecten van welzijn bestudeerd: natuurlijk gedrag, gezondheid en biologisch functioneren, en de emotionele toestand van een dier. Als laatste werd in deel drie het grotere geheel beschouwd. Dit is gedaan door een lijst met principes voor het verantwoordelijke gebruik van insecten in duurzame veehouderij op te stellen. Daarnaast werd de samenhang tussen verschillende hoofdstukken bediscussieerd, werden er richtingen voor toekomstig onderzoek aangegeven en werd gereflecteerd op de rol van insecten in duurzame voedselsystemen.Zwarte soldatenvlieg larven voor vleeskuikensIn Hoofdstuk 2 werden levende ZSL aangeboden aan vleeskuikens. Dit gebeurde in verschillende hoeveelheden (d.w.z., 5% of 10% van het droge stof (DS) gehalte van het dieet vervangen door ZSL) en in verschillende frequenties (d.w.z., ZSL twee of vier keer per dag door het hok gestrooid over het strooisel). Dit resulteerde in vier combinaties van hoeveelheid en frequentie die vergeleken werden met een controlebehandeling waarin geen ZSL werden verstrekt. Vleeskuikens waren gehuisvest bij een uiteindelijke bezettingsdichtheid van 14 kg/m2 .
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