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On the Fungal Contamination Dynamics in Maize : = Towards Competitive Exclusion to Control Mycotoxins.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	On the Fungal Contamination Dynamics in Maize :/
Reminder of title:	Towards Competitive Exclusion to Control Mycotoxins.
Author:	Katati, Bwalya.
Description:	1 online resource (215 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-04B.
Subject:	Fungi. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798380568012

On the Fungal Contamination Dynamics in Maize : = Towards Competitive Exclusion to Control Mycotoxins.
Katati, Bwalya.

On the Fungal Contamination Dynamics in Maize :Towards Competitive Exclusion to Control Mycotoxins. - 1 online resource (215 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Fungi are ubiquitous in nature. Through niche partitioning various fungi can infect a single host and co-exist by occupying different niches resulting in a diverse fungal community. Besides being plant disease agents, fungi are producers of harmful metabolites termed mycotoxins. In Chapter 1 we provided a background on fungi infecting preharvest maize and mycotoxins contamination thereof. Special attention was drawn towards Aspergillus and its aflatoxin (AF). In addition, Fusarium and its fumonisin-B1 (FB1) was also investigated. In Chapter 2, we detailed the fungal microbiome on the preharvest maize, revealing Fusarium and Sarocladium to be the most dominant members irrespective of rainfall pattern, out of the 61 fungal genera detected in the mycobiome. In Chapter 3 we explored the fungal contamination dynamics of preharvest maize from a niche partitioning perspective, in order to understand how the fungal relative abundance correlations may influence levels of FB1 or AF. We demonstrated a strong negative correlation between presence of Sarocladium and Fusarium, with higher abundance of Sarocladium resonating with lower abundance of Fusarium and levels of FB1. In Chapter 4 we focused on Aspergillus and investigated the natural infection of Flavi in maize, with consideration that soil is the reservoir for Flavi. Findings showed that Flavi were present throughout the environment (soil) but their field maize infection was 18%, with infection largely corresponding to the weather variable under a dry spell. Considering the observed high selection frequency of soil Flavi for aflatoxigenicity, we hence studied in Chapter 5 the community structure of Flavi between soil and maize. Findings showed a difference in Flavi diversity between the soil and maize communities with maize having a higher diversity than soil. The finding suggests that extrapolation of the risk of AF contamination in maize should not be done on basis of soil FIavi aflatoxigenicity as has been done in some studies. In Chapter 6, we investigated the degradation of aflatoxin-B1 (B1) by toxigenic and atoxigenic wildtype Flavi in an antioxidative mechanism. In conclusion, we demonstrated that toxigenic Flavi degrade B1 in an antioxidative mechanism, whereas atoxigenic Flavi do not degrade it in such a role. We further found that the antioxidant selenium can prevent spikes in AF from Flavi, while promoting better fitness (sporulation) of atoxigenic when compared with toxigenic isolates. In Chapter 7, I discussed the findings and recommendations from two prospective: a) on the competitive exclusion of Fusarium by Sarocladium for the combat of FBs in preharvest maize; b) on the use of antioxidant such as selenium to prevent B1 spikes in preharvest maize, while promoting the fitness of atoxigenic over toxigenic Flavi.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798380568012Subjects--Topical Terms:

580161
Fungi.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

On the Fungal Contamination Dynamics in Maize : = Towards Competitive Exclusion to Control Mycotoxins.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2023.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Fungi are ubiquitous in nature. Through niche partitioning various fungi can infect a single host and co-exist by occupying different niches resulting in a diverse fungal community. Besides being plant disease agents, fungi are producers of harmful metabolites termed mycotoxins. In Chapter 1 we provided a background on fungi infecting preharvest maize and mycotoxins contamination thereof. Special attention was drawn towards Aspergillus and its aflatoxin (AF). In addition, Fusarium and its fumonisin-B1 (FB1) was also investigated. In Chapter 2, we detailed the fungal microbiome on the preharvest maize, revealing Fusarium and Sarocladium to be the most dominant members irrespective of rainfall pattern, out of the 61 fungal genera detected in the mycobiome. In Chapter 3 we explored the fungal contamination dynamics of preharvest maize from a niche partitioning perspective, in order to understand how the fungal relative abundance correlations may influence levels of FB1 or AF. We demonstrated a strong negative correlation between presence of Sarocladium and Fusarium, with higher abundance of Sarocladium resonating with lower abundance of Fusarium and levels of FB1. In Chapter 4 we focused on Aspergillus and investigated the natural infection of Flavi in maize, with consideration that soil is the reservoir for Flavi. Findings showed that Flavi were present throughout the environment (soil) but their field maize infection was 18%, with infection largely corresponding to the weather variable under a dry spell. Considering the observed high selection frequency of soil Flavi for aflatoxigenicity, we hence studied in Chapter 5 the community structure of Flavi between soil and maize. Findings showed a difference in Flavi diversity between the soil and maize communities with maize having a higher diversity than soil. The finding suggests that extrapolation of the risk of AF contamination in maize should not be done on basis of soil FIavi aflatoxigenicity as has been done in some studies. In Chapter 6, we investigated the degradation of aflatoxin-B1 (B1) by toxigenic and atoxigenic wildtype Flavi in an antioxidative mechanism. In conclusion, we demonstrated that toxigenic Flavi degrade B1 in an antioxidative mechanism, whereas atoxigenic Flavi do not degrade it in such a role. We further found that the antioxidant selenium can prevent spikes in AF from Flavi, while promoting better fitness (sporulation) of atoxigenic when compared with toxigenic isolates. In Chapter 7, I discussed the findings and recommendations from two prospective: a) on the competitive exclusion of Fusarium by Sarocladium for the combat of FBs in preharvest maize; b) on the use of antioxidant such as selenium to prevent B1 spikes in preharvest maize, while promoting the fitness of atoxigenic over toxigenic Flavi.
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