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Green Nanotechnology Approach for Synthesis and Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles from Agricultural Waste.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Green Nanotechnology Approach for Synthesis and Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles from Agricultural Waste./
Author:	Krishnaswamy, Kiruba.
Description:	1 online resource (275 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-10B.
Subject:	Dielectric properties. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798597037622

Green Nanotechnology Approach for Synthesis and Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles from Agricultural Waste.
Krishnaswamy, Kiruba.

Green Nanotechnology Approach for Synthesis and Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles from Agricultural Waste. - 1 online resource (275 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2015.

Includes bibliographical references

Researchers in nanotechnology are turning towards "Nature" to provide inspiration to develop novel innovative methods for nanoparticle synthesis. Currently used chemical and physical methods of nanoparticles synthesis use toxic chemicals in their synthesis protocols. The toxic residues from these nanoparticles make them unsafe for food related applications. There is a need to develop nanoparticles using greener alternatives. Another challenging question that needs to be addressed is agricultural waste management. Merging these two problems led to the concept of creating wealth out of waste. Agricultural waste materials such as grape seeds, skin, stalk and organic waste generated during the Canadian fall season due to the fall of maple leaves and pine needles were used in this study to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNP).The main goal of this study is to synthesize gold nanoparticles without using toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocol making them suitable for drug/functional food delivery systems. A green nanotechnology approach was followed by using water as the solvent throughout the study. This value addition to agricultural waste has led to the yield of high value and ecofriendly gold nanoparticles. From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of gold nanoparticles produced using grape seeds (GSE), skin (GSK), stalk (GST) and pine needle extract, nearly spherically- shaped AuNP about 20 - 25 nm in diameter were observed. Whereas the gold nanoparticles produced using maple leaf extract produced triangular prisms. This is the first study stating the use of maple leaf extracts to potentially synthesize gold nanoparticles.As the plant matrix is a highly complex system, catechin, a polyphenolic compound present in grape seed, skin, and stalk, and in pine needles, was selected for further investigation. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using different combinations of catechin (CAT), tannic acid (TAE), 1:1 CAT: TAE, 1:4 CAT: TAE. TEM images showed that gold nanoparticles synthesized using catechin were quasi-spherical in shape with 40 - 50 nm in size. All the gold nanoparticles produced by green synthesis method in this study were hydrophilic in nature.In order to make hybrid organic-inorganic carriers for drug delivery systems, AuNP synthesized using catechin was encapsulated in maltodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin complexes. The method adopted for encapsulation of AuNP into maltodextrin followed a top-down approach. The complex formation of AuNP into beta-cyclodextrin followed a bottom-up approach. Three different encapsulation methods such as microwave assisted encapsulation, freeze drying encapsulation and simple inclusion encapsulation for maltodextrin and molecular inclusion encapsulation for beta-cyclodextrin were studied for encapsulation of AuNP. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the AuNP encapsulated powder showed interesting morphology when comparing microwave assisted encapsulation to freeze drying encapsulation in both maltodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin. It was found from this study that organic-inorganic hybrid carriers can be developed using water following a green nanotechnology approach.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798597037622Subjects--Topical Terms:

1478817
Dielectric properties.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Bioresouce engineeringIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Green Nanotechnology Approach for Synthesis and Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles from Agricultural Waste.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2015.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Researchers in nanotechnology are turning towards "Nature" to provide inspiration to develop novel innovative methods for nanoparticle synthesis. Currently used chemical and physical methods of nanoparticles synthesis use toxic chemicals in their synthesis protocols. The toxic residues from these nanoparticles make them unsafe for food related applications. There is a need to develop nanoparticles using greener alternatives. Another challenging question that needs to be addressed is agricultural waste management. Merging these two problems led to the concept of creating wealth out of waste. Agricultural waste materials such as grape seeds, skin, stalk and organic waste generated during the Canadian fall season due to the fall of maple leaves and pine needles were used in this study to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNP).The main goal of this study is to synthesize gold nanoparticles without using toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocol making them suitable for drug/functional food delivery systems. A green nanotechnology approach was followed by using water as the solvent throughout the study. This value addition to agricultural waste has led to the yield of high value and ecofriendly gold nanoparticles. From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of gold nanoparticles produced using grape seeds (GSE), skin (GSK), stalk (GST) and pine needle extract, nearly spherically- shaped AuNP about 20 - 25 nm in diameter were observed. Whereas the gold nanoparticles produced using maple leaf extract produced triangular prisms. This is the first study stating the use of maple leaf extracts to potentially synthesize gold nanoparticles.As the plant matrix is a highly complex system, catechin, a polyphenolic compound present in grape seed, skin, and stalk, and in pine needles, was selected for further investigation. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using different combinations of catechin (CAT), tannic acid (TAE), 1:1 CAT: TAE, 1:4 CAT: TAE. TEM images showed that gold nanoparticles synthesized using catechin were quasi-spherical in shape with 40 - 50 nm in size. All the gold nanoparticles produced by green synthesis method in this study were hydrophilic in nature.In order to make hybrid organic-inorganic carriers for drug delivery systems, AuNP synthesized using catechin was encapsulated in maltodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin complexes. The method adopted for encapsulation of AuNP into maltodextrin followed a top-down approach. The complex formation of AuNP into beta-cyclodextrin followed a bottom-up approach. Three different encapsulation methods such as microwave assisted encapsulation, freeze drying encapsulation and simple inclusion encapsulation for maltodextrin and molecular inclusion encapsulation for beta-cyclodextrin were studied for encapsulation of AuNP. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the AuNP encapsulated powder showed interesting morphology when comparing microwave assisted encapsulation to freeze drying encapsulation in both maltodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin. It was found from this study that organic-inorganic hybrid carriers can be developed using water following a green nanotechnology approach.
520 $a Les chercheurs en nanotechnologie se concentrent sur "la nature" pour stimuler l'inspiration visant le developpement de methodes novatrices pour la synthese de nanoparticules. Les methodes chimiques et physiques courantes pour la synthese de nanoparticules utilisent des produits chimiques toxiques dans leurs protocoles. La possibilite de residus toxiques dans ces nanoparticules les rend non propre pour des applications alimentaires. Il existe donc un besoin de developper des nanoparticules par des methodes plus vertes. Se jumele a cette preoccupation la necessite de mieux gerer les residus agro-alimentaires. Ce jumelage nous amene le concept de creer de la richesse a partir de residus. Des residus organiques tels que les graines, la peau, les tiges du raisin, de meme que les residus domestiques typiques de l'automne canadien avec la chute des feuilles d'erable et des aiguilles de pins, ont ete utilises dans cette etude pour la synthese de nanoparticules d'or (AuNP).L'objectif principal de cette etude est la synthese de nanoparticules d'or sans l'utilisation de produits chimiques toxiques dans le protocole de synthese afin de les rendre utiles dans des systemes de liberation de medicaments/aliments fonctionnels. Une approche nano-technologique verte a ete developpee en utilisant de l'eau comme solvant. Cette valeur ajoutee aux residus organiques a permis la production ecologique de nanoparticules d'or de haute valeur. Grace aux micrographies par microscopie electronique a transmission (TEM) des nanoparticules d'or produites en utilisant les graines, la peau, et les tiges de raisins et un extrait d'aiguilles de pin, des nanoparticules presque spheriques de 20 - 25 nm de diametre ont ete observees. Par contre les nanoparticules d'or produites avec les extraits de feuilles d'erable se sont averees etre des prismes triangulaires. Ceci est la premiere etude a utiliser un extrait de feuille d'erable pour la synthese de nanoparticules d'or.Puisque la matrice organique est un systeme tres complexe, la catechine, un compose phenolique retrouve dans la peau, les pepins et les tiges de raisins et dans les aiguilles de pin, a ete choisie dans la poursuite de l'etude. Les nanoparticules d'or ont ete synthetisees avec differentes combinaisons de catechine (CAT) et d'acide tannique (TAE), 1:1 CAT: TAE, 1:4 CAT: TAE. Les images TEM ont montre que les nanoparticules d'or produites en utilisant la catechine etaient quasi-spheriques et de 40-50 nm de dimensions. Toutes les nanoparticules d'or produites par cette methode de synthese verte etaient de nature hydrophile.Dans le but de fabriquer un systeme de liberation hybride organique/inorganique, les nanoparticules d'or synthetisees par catechine ont ete encapsulees dans des complexes de maltodextrine et de betacyclodextrine. La methode d'encapsulation des AuNP avec la maltodextrine a suivi une approche descendante. La formation d'une matrice AuNP et betacyclodextrine a suivi une approche ascendante. Trois differentes methodes d'encapsulation ont ete etudiees, dont l'encapsulation par microonde, l'encapsulation par lyophilisation et l'encapsulation par inclusion simple pour la maltodextrine et l'encapsulation par inclusion moleculaire pour la betacyclodextrine. Les images par microscopie electronique a balayage (SEM) des poudres de nanoparticules d'or encapsulees ont montre une morphologie particuliere en comparant l'encapsulation microonde a l'encapsulation par lyophilisation et ce pour la maltodextrine et pour la betacyclodextrine. Cette etude a demontre qu'un complexe organique-inorganique peut etre developpe utilisant de l'eau comme solvant en suivant une approche nano-technologique verte.
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