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When Data Is Missing by Design : = Perceptions and Public Research on Standing Genetic Diversity of Maize in the Upper Midwest.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	When Data Is Missing by Design :/
Reminder of title:	Perceptions and Public Research on Standing Genetic Diversity of Maize in the Upper Midwest.
Author:	McCluskey, Cathleen A.
Description:	1 online resource (169 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-06B.
Subject:	Agriculture. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798381186420

When Data Is Missing by Design : = Perceptions and Public Research on Standing Genetic Diversity of Maize in the Upper Midwest.
McCluskey, Cathleen A.

When Data Is Missing by Design :Perceptions and Public Research on Standing Genetic Diversity of Maize in the Upper Midwest. - 1 online resource (169 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-06, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

One hundred percent of U.S. commercial maize (Zea mays) is based on a single race, Corn Belt Dent, and its genetic base has been in decline for 40 years. The U.S. and China produce 46% of maize globally and are 92% reliant on Corn Belt Dent. Mergers in the seed industry have resulted in two companies controlling 71.6% of U.S. commercial maize and 85% of intellectual property (IP) ownership on it. Despite recommendations from experts for a molecular based assessment of the maize standing crop and trends in narrowing of the genetic base, public quantitative studies are absent. These data blanks about genetic vulnerability on the maize landscape is a national security risk and puts farmers at risk of crop failure and the public at risk of food insecurity.This work describes these genetic vulnerability data blanks, and the biological and sociological implications drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with maize genetic diversity experts from the public and private sectors about their perceptions and analysis of onfarm genetic diversity in the Upper Midwest (n=44). Chapter one discusses themes that emerged from the overall dataset, and results include clearly defined data blanks by public sector interviewees about commercial maize diversity and their lack of data access to measure it, and concerns about narrow(ing) maize genetic diversity in the standing crop.Two additional themes emerged from interview coding which are explored in greater detail in chapters two and three. Chapter two describes IP on U.S. maize, restrictions to public research, and implications. Findings show that IP and licenses have created a chilling effect on public research and commonly discernable pedigree data on IP applications that has historically informed diversity assessments is no longer regularly disclosed. This has contributed to declines in public and independent maize breeding programs, concentration in the maize seed industry, narrow(ing) of standing genetic diversity, and private control and management of nearly all U.S. maize seed with little transparency or oversight.Chapter three describes the diffusion of the U.S. commercial industrial maize model in Mexico, the center of maize diversity, and forms of resistance. Decades of policies to liberalize Mexican agriculture have been met with concerns about impacts to in situ and ex situ conservation of traditional maize and unprecedented resistance from civil society. Results indicate that farmers' seed systems, including seed rights and knowledge systems, are threatened by the U.S. model which creates homogeneity in U.S. farmers' fields and data blanks in measuring and monitoring standing genetic diversity through restrictive IP and licenses.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798381186420Subjects--Topical Terms:

660421
Agriculture.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Genetic diversityIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

When Data Is Missing by Design : = Perceptions and Public Research on Standing Genetic Diversity of Maize in the Upper Midwest.
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520 $a One hundred percent of U.S. commercial maize (Zea mays) is based on a single race, Corn Belt Dent, and its genetic base has been in decline for 40 years. The U.S. and China produce 46% of maize globally and are 92% reliant on Corn Belt Dent. Mergers in the seed industry have resulted in two companies controlling 71.6% of U.S. commercial maize and 85% of intellectual property (IP) ownership on it. Despite recommendations from experts for a molecular based assessment of the maize standing crop and trends in narrowing of the genetic base, public quantitative studies are absent. These data blanks about genetic vulnerability on the maize landscape is a national security risk and puts farmers at risk of crop failure and the public at risk of food insecurity.This work describes these genetic vulnerability data blanks, and the biological and sociological implications drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with maize genetic diversity experts from the public and private sectors about their perceptions and analysis of onfarm genetic diversity in the Upper Midwest (n=44). Chapter one discusses themes that emerged from the overall dataset, and results include clearly defined data blanks by public sector interviewees about commercial maize diversity and their lack of data access to measure it, and concerns about narrow(ing) maize genetic diversity in the standing crop.Two additional themes emerged from interview coding which are explored in greater detail in chapters two and three. Chapter two describes IP on U.S. maize, restrictions to public research, and implications. Findings show that IP and licenses have created a chilling effect on public research and commonly discernable pedigree data on IP applications that has historically informed diversity assessments is no longer regularly disclosed. This has contributed to declines in public and independent maize breeding programs, concentration in the maize seed industry, narrow(ing) of standing genetic diversity, and private control and management of nearly all U.S. maize seed with little transparency or oversight.Chapter three describes the diffusion of the U.S. commercial industrial maize model in Mexico, the center of maize diversity, and forms of resistance. Decades of policies to liberalize Mexican agriculture have been met with concerns about impacts to in situ and ex situ conservation of traditional maize and unprecedented resistance from civil society. Results indicate that farmers' seed systems, including seed rights and knowledge systems, are threatened by the U.S. model which creates homogeneity in U.S. farmers' fields and data blanks in measuring and monitoring standing genetic diversity through restrictive IP and licenses.
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650 4 $a Sustainability. $3 793436
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653 $a Maize germplasm
653 $a On-farm genetic diversity
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