國立虎尾科技大學 |

Causes and Consequences of Immune Activation and its Effect on Metabolic and Energetic Status in Production Animals.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,手稿 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Causes and Consequences of Immune Activation and its Effect on Metabolic and Energetic Status in Production Animals./
作者:	Kvidera, Sara Kay Stoakes.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (258 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-11B(E).
標題:	Animal sciences. -
電子資源:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9781369879711

Causes and Consequences of Immune Activation and its Effect on Metabolic and Energetic Status in Production Animals.
Kvidera, Sara Kay Stoakes.

Causes and Consequences of Immune Activation and its Effect on Metabolic and Energetic Status in Production Animals. - 1 online resource (258 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)

Includes bibliographical references

Nutrient and energy partitioning toward productive processes (i.e., growth, reproduction, and milk production) is key to economically profitable agriculture. During infection, nutrients and energy are drawn away from profitable purposes to support the immune system. Immunological costs contribute to the economic consequences of sickness that include decreased growth, inefficient feed utilization, poor reproduction, and increased health care costs. Animals experience frequent immune challenges, as bacterial insults can originate from many different scenarios. Understandably, the intestinal epithelium is a focal point of bacterial translocation due to its "gate-keeping" role of simultaneously facilitating nutrient absorption while preventing bacterial infiltration into portal and systemic circulation. Immune insults originating from intestinal bacteria have become of interest as heat stress, feed restriction, and peripheral inflammation contribute to intestinal permeability to luminal content. Additionally, metabolic maladaptation to lactation following calving (i.e., ketosis) in dairy cattle is associated with inflammation, and intestinal-derived endotoxin may contribute to this metabolic disorder. Sickness or suboptimal health, regardless of origin, is an animal welfare issue and an economic burden to animal agriculture. The activated immune system employs a unique metabolism to strategically utilize substrates and ensure its quick and effective response. An activated immune system requires a large amount of energy, and systemic glucose homeostasis is markedly disrupted during endotoxemia. Specifically, activated macrophages and other immune cells become obligate glucose utilizers and hypoglycemia and hyperlactemia are characteristic hallmarks. The increased glucose requirement by the immune system occurs simultaneously with hypophagia and thus reduced intestinally derived carbohydrate precursors. Consequently, there is a negative glucose balance that likely limits the immune response and certainly prevents optimal productivity. Having a better understanding of the nutrient requirements of an activated immune system will provide foundational information for developing strategies aimed at minimizing productivity losses during infection. Furthermore, understanding the etiology of immune system activation in various animal agricultural situations can aid in developing strategies to maximize protection against immune system over-activation.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9781369879711Subjects--Topical Terms:

1178863
Animal sciences.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Causes and Consequences of Immune Activation and its Effect on Metabolic and Energetic Status in Production Animals.
LDR:03827ntm a2200361Ki 4500 001 909125
005 20180419121556.5
006 m o u
007 cr mn||||a|a||
008 190606s2017 xx obm 000 0 eng d
020 $a 9781369879711
035 $a (MiAaPQ)AAI10268242
035 $a (MiAaPQ)iastate:16399
035 $a AAI10268242
040 $a MiAaPQ $b eng $c MiAaPQ
099 $a TUL $f hyy $c available through World Wide Web
100 1 $a Kvidera, Sara Kay Stoakes. $3 1179699
245 1 0 $a Causes and Consequences of Immune Activation and its Effect on Metabolic and Energetic Status in Production Animals.
264 0 $c 2017
300 $a 1 online resource (258 pages)
336 $a text $b txt $2 rdacontent
337 $a computer $b c $2 rdamedia
338 $a online resource $b cr $2 rdacarrier
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Lance H. Baumgard.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.) $c Iowa State University $d 2017.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Nutrient and energy partitioning toward productive processes (i.e., growth, reproduction, and milk production) is key to economically profitable agriculture. During infection, nutrients and energy are drawn away from profitable purposes to support the immune system. Immunological costs contribute to the economic consequences of sickness that include decreased growth, inefficient feed utilization, poor reproduction, and increased health care costs. Animals experience frequent immune challenges, as bacterial insults can originate from many different scenarios. Understandably, the intestinal epithelium is a focal point of bacterial translocation due to its "gate-keeping" role of simultaneously facilitating nutrient absorption while preventing bacterial infiltration into portal and systemic circulation. Immune insults originating from intestinal bacteria have become of interest as heat stress, feed restriction, and peripheral inflammation contribute to intestinal permeability to luminal content. Additionally, metabolic maladaptation to lactation following calving (i.e., ketosis) in dairy cattle is associated with inflammation, and intestinal-derived endotoxin may contribute to this metabolic disorder. Sickness or suboptimal health, regardless of origin, is an animal welfare issue and an economic burden to animal agriculture. The activated immune system employs a unique metabolism to strategically utilize substrates and ensure its quick and effective response. An activated immune system requires a large amount of energy, and systemic glucose homeostasis is markedly disrupted during endotoxemia. Specifically, activated macrophages and other immune cells become obligate glucose utilizers and hypoglycemia and hyperlactemia are characteristic hallmarks. The increased glucose requirement by the immune system occurs simultaneously with hypophagia and thus reduced intestinally derived carbohydrate precursors. Consequently, there is a negative glucose balance that likely limits the immune response and certainly prevents optimal productivity. Having a better understanding of the nutrient requirements of an activated immune system will provide foundational information for developing strategies aimed at minimizing productivity losses during infection. Furthermore, understanding the etiology of immune system activation in various animal agricultural situations can aid in developing strategies to maximize protection against immune system over-activation.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2018
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Animal sciences. $3 1178863
650 4 $a Agriculture. $3 660421
650 4 $a Veterinary science. $3 1179701
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 local $3 554714
690 $a 0475
690 $a 0473
690 $a 0778
710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 1178819
710 2 $a Iowa State University. $b Animal Science. $3 1179700
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 78-11B(E).
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10268242 $z click for full text (PQDT)