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Diversity, Relative Abundance, Movement, and Fitness of Insect Predators in Winter Canola Agricultural Landscapes in the United States Southern Plains.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Diversity, Relative Abundance, Movement, and Fitness of Insect Predators in Winter Canola Agricultural Landscapes in the United States Southern Plains./
Author:	Jessie, Casi Nichole.
Description:	1 online resource (175 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-04(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-04B(E).
Subject:	Entomology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9780355394177

Diversity, Relative Abundance, Movement, and Fitness of Insect Predators in Winter Canola Agricultural Landscapes in the United States Southern Plains.
Jessie, Casi Nichole.

Diversity, Relative Abundance, Movement, and Fitness of Insect Predators in Winter Canola Agricultural Landscapes in the United States Southern Plains. - 1 online resource (175 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-04(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)

Includes bibliographical references

In general, landscape diversification in agricultural production systems is possibly correlated with increased biological pest suppression services. In the Southern Great Plains, continuous winter wheat systems are being successfully rotated with winter-adapted canola to maximize pest suppression and net profits. Despite the rapid adoption of winter canola into Oklahoma wheat agrolandscapes, it remains unknown how this new cropping system affects arthropod communities. Our studies focused on documenting arthropod diversity and abundance in canola-wheat and canola-pasture interfaces, quantifying predator movements within and among the interfaces, and documenting the impact of winter canola pollen on lady beetle larval survival, development, and fitness. During 2011, 2012, and 2013, arthropods were sampled at 22 locations of canola-wheat and 10 locations of canola-pasture interfaces with yellow sticky traps during canola flowering season (April-May). Surprisingly, pasture fields, mostly devoid of green vegetation, had the highest mean Shannon diversity index but the lowest mean field abundances. Wheat fields had the highest predator and parasitoid wasp abundances and the lowest herbivore abundances. Unique protein marks were applied at field interfaces (egg whites in canola, cow's milk in wheat, and soy milk in pasture) to mark insects and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to document adult lady beetle and green lacewing movements. Green lacewings were the predominant predator trapped followed by lady beetles. Both predators showed similar movement trends based on protein marks; both had frequent movements within and out of canola (emigration) with less movement from wheat or pasture into canola (immigration). In addition, in a laboratory study we supplied Hippodamia convergens larvae with Myzus persicae and winter canola pollen which revealed that supplementing limited daily prey quantities with canola floral resources increased survival, decreased developmental time, and increased adult body weight. Winter canola does not appear to support the diverse and abundant arthropod communities documented within winter wheat and pasture habitats common in the Southern Great Plains; however, predatory insects are frequently visiting winter canola and may be utilizing available floral resources as a supplement before returning to wheat fields.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9780355394177Subjects--Topical Terms:

668730
Entomology.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Diversity, Relative Abundance, Movement, and Fitness of Insect Predators in Winter Canola Agricultural Landscapes in the United States Southern Plains.
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245 1 0 $a Diversity, Relative Abundance, Movement, and Fitness of Insect Predators in Winter Canola Agricultural Landscapes in the United States Southern Plains.
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504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a In general, landscape diversification in agricultural production systems is possibly correlated with increased biological pest suppression services. In the Southern Great Plains, continuous winter wheat systems are being successfully rotated with winter-adapted canola to maximize pest suppression and net profits. Despite the rapid adoption of winter canola into Oklahoma wheat agrolandscapes, it remains unknown how this new cropping system affects arthropod communities. Our studies focused on documenting arthropod diversity and abundance in canola-wheat and canola-pasture interfaces, quantifying predator movements within and among the interfaces, and documenting the impact of winter canola pollen on lady beetle larval survival, development, and fitness. During 2011, 2012, and 2013, arthropods were sampled at 22 locations of canola-wheat and 10 locations of canola-pasture interfaces with yellow sticky traps during canola flowering season (April-May). Surprisingly, pasture fields, mostly devoid of green vegetation, had the highest mean Shannon diversity index but the lowest mean field abundances. Wheat fields had the highest predator and parasitoid wasp abundances and the lowest herbivore abundances. Unique protein marks were applied at field interfaces (egg whites in canola, cow's milk in wheat, and soy milk in pasture) to mark insects and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to document adult lady beetle and green lacewing movements. Green lacewings were the predominant predator trapped followed by lady beetles. Both predators showed similar movement trends based on protein marks; both had frequent movements within and out of canola (emigration) with less movement from wheat or pasture into canola (immigration). In addition, in a laboratory study we supplied Hippodamia convergens larvae with Myzus persicae and winter canola pollen which revealed that supplementing limited daily prey quantities with canola floral resources increased survival, decreased developmental time, and increased adult body weight. Winter canola does not appear to support the diverse and abundant arthropod communities documented within winter wheat and pasture habitats common in the Southern Great Plains; however, predatory insects are frequently visiting winter canola and may be utilizing available floral resources as a supplement before returning to wheat fields.
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