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Using Ecological Theory to Investigate Emergent Properties of Populations in Aquatic Ecosystems.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Using Ecological Theory to Investigate Emergent Properties of Populations in Aquatic Ecosystems./
Author:	Herren, Cristina Marie.
Description:	1 online resource (242 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-01(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-01B(E).
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9780355140569

Using Ecological Theory to Investigate Emergent Properties of Populations in Aquatic Ecosystems.
Herren, Cristina Marie.

Using Ecological Theory to Investigate Emergent Properties of Populations in Aquatic Ecosystems. - 1 online resource (242 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-01(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)

Includes bibliographical references

Populations behave inherently differently than individuals. The features that arise when individuals aggregate and interact, such as population oscillations and stable age distributions, are called emergent properties. Ecologists have studies these properties for decades, especially when they pertain to sudden, dramatic shifts in population size. However, empirical studies are less common, because it is difficult to meet the assumptions of theoretical models in real systems. This dissertation applies ecological theories to several different aquatic systems to better understand and model characteristics of these ecosystems, many of which are the results of emergent properties. Chapter 2 examines how environmental disturbances affect the variability of diatom and bacteria populations within biofilms. I found that experimentally induced environmental stressors acted as deterministic, selective forces in these communities, thereby creating populations that were more similar to one another after being disturbed. Chapter 3 was prompted by the observation that the primary and secondary productivity of Lake Myvatn, a sub-arctic lake in northeast Iceland, were extremely high, given its latitude. I hypothesized that the secondary producers, which are predominantly midges, were involved in a mutualism that enabled high growth rates of both algae and midge larvae. This study found that the midges were able to alleviate their own resource limitation by promoting the growth of their benthic algal resources, thereby increasing both primary and secondary production. Chapters 4 and 5 are paired chapters that develop a novel statistical workflow (Chapter 4) and implement this analysis on a variety of long-term microbial datasets (Chapter 5). One of the earliest questions in theoretical ecology asked how the complexity of food webs related to the stability of these systems. This question is often intractable due to the need to observe hundreds of taxa over many generations, but bacterial systems overcome this challenge. In Chapter 4, I address this question by creating a method to quantify the connectedness of ecological communities, which is one aspect of community complexity. In Chapter 5, I applied this workflow to three long-term microbial datasets, and found that highly connected keystone taxa have disproportionate influence in predicting compositional turnover in the entire community.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9780355140569Subjects--Topical Terms:

575279
Ecology.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Using Ecological Theory to Investigate Emergent Properties of Populations in Aquatic Ecosystems.
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245 1 0 $a Using Ecological Theory to Investigate Emergent Properties of Populations in Aquatic Ecosystems.
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504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Populations behave inherently differently than individuals. The features that arise when individuals aggregate and interact, such as population oscillations and stable age distributions, are called emergent properties. Ecologists have studies these properties for decades, especially when they pertain to sudden, dramatic shifts in population size. However, empirical studies are less common, because it is difficult to meet the assumptions of theoretical models in real systems. This dissertation applies ecological theories to several different aquatic systems to better understand and model characteristics of these ecosystems, many of which are the results of emergent properties. Chapter 2 examines how environmental disturbances affect the variability of diatom and bacteria populations within biofilms. I found that experimentally induced environmental stressors acted as deterministic, selective forces in these communities, thereby creating populations that were more similar to one another after being disturbed. Chapter 3 was prompted by the observation that the primary and secondary productivity of Lake Myvatn, a sub-arctic lake in northeast Iceland, were extremely high, given its latitude. I hypothesized that the secondary producers, which are predominantly midges, were involved in a mutualism that enabled high growth rates of both algae and midge larvae. This study found that the midges were able to alleviate their own resource limitation by promoting the growth of their benthic algal resources, thereby increasing both primary and secondary production. Chapters 4 and 5 are paired chapters that develop a novel statistical workflow (Chapter 4) and implement this analysis on a variety of long-term microbial datasets (Chapter 5). One of the earliest questions in theoretical ecology asked how the complexity of food webs related to the stability of these systems. This question is often intractable due to the need to observe hundreds of taxa over many generations, but bacterial systems overcome this challenge. In Chapter 4, I address this question by creating a method to quantify the connectedness of ecological communities, which is one aspect of community complexity. In Chapter 5, I applied this workflow to three long-term microbial datasets, and found that highly connected keystone taxa have disproportionate influence in predicting compositional turnover in the entire community.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2018
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 575279
650 4 $a Biostatistics. $3 783654
650 4 $a Microbiology. $3 591510
650 4 $a Aquatic sciences. $3 1178821
650 4 $a Zoology. $3 593903
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710 2 $a The University of Wisconsin - Madison. $b Zoology. $3 1179769
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