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Chemoattraction to Dimethyl Sulfide Predicts Diet Composition and Plastic Ingestion By Procellariiform Seabirds and Forage Fish.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Chemoattraction to Dimethyl Sulfide Predicts Diet Composition and Plastic Ingestion By Procellariiform Seabirds and Forage Fish./
Author:	Savoca, Matthew Scott.
Description:	1 online resource (160 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9781369796346

Chemoattraction to Dimethyl Sulfide Predicts Diet Composition and Plastic Ingestion By Procellariiform Seabirds and Forage Fish.
Savoca, Matthew Scott.

Chemoattraction to Dimethyl Sulfide Predicts Diet Composition and Plastic Ingestion By Procellariiform Seabirds and Forage Fish. - 1 online resource (160 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.

Includes bibliographical references

Most often studied in plant-insect systems, infochemicals catalyze interactions between species. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its chemical precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) are infochemicals in the marine environment that have been demonstrated to affect processes including predation, foraging, and biogeochemistry. Due to these diverse and impactful attributes, DMS and DMSP have been called 'keystone' molecules in marine systems. In this dissertation, I investigated two new ecological functions of DMS and DMSP. First, I used a meta-analytical approach to establish that behavioral responsiveness to DMS can predict dietary specialization among a Southern Ocean assemblage of procellariiform seabirds. Their species-specific chemoattraction to algal-released DMS may also provide iron fertilization benefits via fecal deposition, which could augment the biological carbon pump. Next, I demonstrated that plastic debris takes on a DMS signature after less than a month at sea. The measured DMS headspace concentrations from our analyses were above the detection threshold for olfactory foraging procellariiform seabirds. By creating a plastic ingestion database, I determined that those procellariiform seabird species that use DMS as a foraging cue consume plastic nearly six times as frequently as those species that do not use DMS as a foraging cue. Moreover, burrow-nesting behavior -- used as proxy for DMS-responsiveness across this group -- is also positively correlated to plastic ingestion frequency across this seabird order. I further tested the hypothesis that plastic debris is chemically attractive to foraging marine wildlife with a behavioral assay on schools of Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax ), a forage fish species that has also been found to ingest plastic debris. Results of this experiment illustrated that the odors of plastic debris as well as odors of North Pacific Krill (Euphausia pacifica), adult anchovies' primary food, elicit similar behavioral responses from anchovy schools, which are consistent with olfactory search. Taken together, these findings identify two novel roles for DMS and DMSP, linking dietary segregation and biogeochemical cycles in the iron-limited Southern Ocean, and proposing a novel mechanism explaining plastic debris ingestion by marine wildlife. The integrative studies presented in this dissertation link the fields of chemical ecology, marine biology, biogeochemistry, and animal behavior with relevance for species and ecosystem conservation.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9781369796346Subjects--Topical Terms:

575279
Ecology.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Chemoattraction to Dimethyl Sulfide Predicts Diet Composition and Plastic Ingestion By Procellariiform Seabirds and Forage Fish.
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245 1 0 $a Chemoattraction to Dimethyl Sulfide Predicts Diet Composition and Plastic Ingestion By Procellariiform Seabirds and Forage Fish.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Sharon P. Lawler.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Most often studied in plant-insect systems, infochemicals catalyze interactions between species. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its chemical precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) are infochemicals in the marine environment that have been demonstrated to affect processes including predation, foraging, and biogeochemistry. Due to these diverse and impactful attributes, DMS and DMSP have been called 'keystone' molecules in marine systems. In this dissertation, I investigated two new ecological functions of DMS and DMSP. First, I used a meta-analytical approach to establish that behavioral responsiveness to DMS can predict dietary specialization among a Southern Ocean assemblage of procellariiform seabirds. Their species-specific chemoattraction to algal-released DMS may also provide iron fertilization benefits via fecal deposition, which could augment the biological carbon pump. Next, I demonstrated that plastic debris takes on a DMS signature after less than a month at sea. The measured DMS headspace concentrations from our analyses were above the detection threshold for olfactory foraging procellariiform seabirds. By creating a plastic ingestion database, I determined that those procellariiform seabird species that use DMS as a foraging cue consume plastic nearly six times as frequently as those species that do not use DMS as a foraging cue. Moreover, burrow-nesting behavior -- used as proxy for DMS-responsiveness across this group -- is also positively correlated to plastic ingestion frequency across this seabird order. I further tested the hypothesis that plastic debris is chemically attractive to foraging marine wildlife with a behavioral assay on schools of Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax ), a forage fish species that has also been found to ingest plastic debris. Results of this experiment illustrated that the odors of plastic debris as well as odors of North Pacific Krill (Euphausia pacifica), adult anchovies' primary food, elicit similar behavioral responses from anchovy schools, which are consistent with olfactory search. Taken together, these findings identify two novel roles for DMS and DMSP, linking dietary segregation and biogeochemical cycles in the iron-limited Southern Ocean, and proposing a novel mechanism explaining plastic debris ingestion by marine wildlife. The integrative studies presented in this dissertation link the fields of chemical ecology, marine biology, biogeochemistry, and animal behavior with relevance for species and ecosystem conservation.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2018
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
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650 4 $a Environmental science. $3 1179128
650 4 $a Conservation biology. $3 579656
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710 2 $a University of California, Davis. $b Ecology. $3 1180444
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