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Behavioral and fMRI-based Characterization of Cognitive Processes Supporting Learning and Retrieval of Memory for Words in Young Adults.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Behavioral and fMRI-based Characterization of Cognitive Processes Supporting Learning and Retrieval of Memory for Words in Young Adults./
Author:	Nardos, Binyam.
Description:	1 online resource (246 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-05(E), Section: B.
Subject:	Neurosciences. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9781339371139

Behavioral and fMRI-based Characterization of Cognitive Processes Supporting Learning and Retrieval of Memory for Words in Young Adults.
Nardos, Binyam.

Behavioral and fMRI-based Characterization of Cognitive Processes Supporting Learning and Retrieval of Memory for Words in Young Adults. - 1 online resource (246 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-05(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2015.

Includes bibliographical references

With the overarching goal of characterizing the functional neuroanatomy of semantic processing in young adults, we employed a contextual word learning paradigm, creating novel synonyms for common animal/artifact nouns that, along with additional real words, served as stimuli for the lexical-decision based functional MRI (fMRI) experiment. Young adults (n=28) were given two types of word learning training administered in multiple sessions spread out over three days. The underlying goals were twofold: 1) to test, using a behavioral semantic priming paradigm, the hypothesis that novel words acquired in adulthood get integrated into existing semantic networks (discussed in Chapter 2); and 2) to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of semantic processing in young adults, at the single word level, using the newly learned as well as previously known word stimuli as a conduit (discussed in Chapter 3).

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9781339371139Subjects--Topical Terms:

593561
Neurosciences.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Behavioral and fMRI-based Characterization of Cognitive Processes Supporting Learning and Retrieval of Memory for Words in Young Adults.
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245 1 0 $a Behavioral and fMRI-based Characterization of Cognitive Processes Supporting Learning and Retrieval of Memory for Words in Young Adults.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-05(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Bradley L. Schlaggar.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2015.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a With the overarching goal of characterizing the functional neuroanatomy of semantic processing in young adults, we employed a contextual word learning paradigm, creating novel synonyms for common animal/artifact nouns that, along with additional real words, served as stimuli for the lexical-decision based functional MRI (fMRI) experiment. Young adults (n=28) were given two types of word learning training administered in multiple sessions spread out over three days. The underlying goals were twofold: 1) to test, using a behavioral semantic priming paradigm, the hypothesis that novel words acquired in adulthood get integrated into existing semantic networks (discussed in Chapter 2); and 2) to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of semantic processing in young adults, at the single word level, using the newly learned as well as previously known word stimuli as a conduit (discussed in Chapter 3).
520 $a As outlined in Chapter 2, in addition to the semantic priming test mentioned above, two additional behavioral tests were administered to assess word learning success. The first was a semantic memory test using a two-alternative sentence completion task. Second, an old/new item recognition test was administered using both meaning and form trained stimuli (old) as well as novel foil PWs (new). Finally, using a lexical decision task, a semantic priming test assessed semantic integration using the novel trained items as primes for word targets that had no prior episodic association to the primes.
520 $a Chapter 3 outlines the findings from the fMRI experiment used to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of semantic processing using the newly learned as well as previously known words as stimuli in a lexical decision task. fMRI data were collected using a widely-spaced event-related design, allowing isolation of item-level hemodynamic responses. Two fMRI sessions were administered separated by 2--3 days, the 1st session conducted prior to, and the 2nd session following word-learning training. Using the same items as stimuli in the fMRI sessions conducted before and after behavioral training, facilitated a within-item analysis where each item effectively served as its own control. A set of stringent criteria, outlined below, were established a-priori describing characteristics expected from regions with a role in retrieving/processing meanings at the single word level. We expected a putative semantic processing region to exhibit: a) higher BOLD activity during the 1st fMRI session for real words relative to novel PWs; b) reduced BOLD activity for repeated real words presented in the 2nd fMRI session relative to levels seen in the 1st fMRI session; c) higher BOLD activity for meaning-trained PWs relative to novel PWs; d) higher BOLD activity for meaning-trained PWs relative to perceptually trained PWs, e) higher BOLD activity for correctly identified meaning-trained PWs (hits) relative to their incorrect counterparts (misses). Given their previously documented associations with semantic processing, we expected to identify regions in left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and left ventral inferior frontal gyrus (vIFG) to exhibit timecourses consistent with most of the semantic criteria outlined above.
520 $a Individual ANOVA contrasts, essentially targeting each of the criteria outlined above, were conducted at the voxelwise level. A fixed effects analysis based on 4 correct trial ANOVA contrasts (corresponding to criteria a--d, above) generated 81 regions of interest; and two individual error vs. correct trial ANOVA contrasts generated an additional 16 regions, for a total of 97 study-driven regions. Using region-level ANOVAs and qualitative timecourse examinations, the regions were probed for the presence of the effects outlined in the above criteria. To ensure a comprehensive analysis, additional regions were garnered from prior studies that have used a variety of tasks to target semantic processing. The literature-derived regions were subjected to similar ANOVAs and qualitative timecourse analysis as was conducted on the study-driven regions to examine if the regions exhibited effects outlined in the above criteria.
520 $a Finally, using item-level timecourses derived from the 97 study-driven ROI, clustering algorithms were used to group regions with similar characteristics, with the goal of identifying a cluster corresponding to a putative semantic brain system.
520 $a Taken together, findings suggest that a relatively small amount of word learning training is sufficient to create novel words that, in young adults, behaviorally resemble the semantic characteristics of well-known words. On the other hand, the fMRI findings, particularly the failure of the newly meaning-trained items to engage regions that are canonically responsive to single word meanings (e.g. middle temporal gyrus), may suggest a more protracted timecourse for the functional signature of novel words to resemble that of well-known words. That said, the fMRI findings identified brain regions (left PHG/mSFC) that, consistent with the memory consolidation literature, serve as the functional neuroanatomical "bridge" that connects the novel words to the eventual functional representational destination. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2018
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
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710 2 $a Washington University in St. Louis. $b Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Neurosciences). $3 1186798
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