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Examination of factors that affect the composition and function of the microbiota.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Examination of factors that affect the composition and function of the microbiota./
Author:	Berg, Maureen C.
Description:	1 online resource (187 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-11B(E).
Subject:	Microbiology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9780355034530

Examination of factors that affect the composition and function of the microbiota.
Berg, Maureen C.

Examination of factors that affect the composition and function of the microbiota. - 1 online resource (187 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2017.

Includes bibliographical references

The microbiota is an important contributor to host health and fitness, impacting all aspects of life, from development and metabolism to immunity and behavior. Substantial work has been done to characterize the factors that shape the microbiota, and have demonstrated the importance of both environmental and host factors. However, much of the multifaceted relationship between the environment, the host, and the microbiota remains to be elucidated. My dissertation attempts to demonstrate the ways in which hosts can shape their microbiota through a taxonomic and functional evaluation of microbiotas within two experimental systems.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9780355034530Subjects--Topical Terms:

591510
Microbiology.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Examination of factors that affect the composition and function of the microbiota.
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100 1 $a Berg, Maureen C. $3 1195272
245 1 0 $a Examination of factors that affect the composition and function of the microbiota.
264 0 $c 2017
300 $a 1 online resource (187 pages)
336 $a text $b txt $2 rdacontent
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Michael Shapira.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2017.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a The microbiota is an important contributor to host health and fitness, impacting all aspects of life, from development and metabolism to immunity and behavior. Substantial work has been done to characterize the factors that shape the microbiota, and have demonstrated the importance of both environmental and host factors. However, much of the multifaceted relationship between the environment, the host, and the microbiota remains to be elucidated. My dissertation attempts to demonstrate the ways in which hosts can shape their microbiota through a taxonomic and functional evaluation of microbiotas within two experimental systems.
520 $a In chapter 1, I examine the relative contributions of the host and the environment to microbiota composition. To characterize the gut microbiota of C. elegans, I used 16S rDNA-targeted sequencing to measure the gut bacteria of worms grown in natural-like environments. By taking advantage of the availability of genetically-homogenous worm populations to reduce noise and average out inter-individual variation, and thus better discern shared features of the C. elegans microbiota, I demonstrate that the worm gut microbiota assembly is a deterministic process. My results suggest a dominant contribution of the host to microbiota composition, and further suggest a role for negative interactions between microbiota members.
520 $a In chapter 2, I further examined the contribution of host genetics to microbiota composition by identifying differences in microbiotas assembled in worms of different genotypes spanning 200-300 million years of nematode evolution. Using 16S rDNA- targeted sequencing, I demonstrate a significant contribution of host genetics to microbiota composition. However, experimental variables affected worm microbiota composition more than the worm genotype, and hindered my identification of host-specific taxa. In an attempt to overcome this, I isolated members of the Enterobacteriaceae core microbiota family from C. elegans and C. briggsae. This, however, did not identify phylogenetic distinctions between commensals of the two species.
520 $a In chapter 3, I surveyed the roles of specific host factors in shaping the C. elegans gut microbiota by examining the gut microbiota of C. elegans mutants deficient in feeding and immune function. When selecting mutants, I considered selection during feeding and selection within the intestine as two general ways a host could shape its microbiota. Altered feeding could affect colonization by changes in food choice, food uptake, and food grinding. Immune responses can significantly affect the colonization of pathogens, and it is likely that these immunity and stress response pathways could affect the colonization of non-pathogenic bacteria.
520 $a In chapter 4, I utilized the tomato plant and P. syringae system to examine the ability of the phyllosphere microbiome to confer resistance to P. syringae infection of tomato leaves. In plants, the phyllosphere (above ground) microbiome is likely to be important for resistance to pathogens that infect the aerial portions of plants; however, relative to the below-ground microbiome, these communities are understudied and we do not yet know how the protective effects of this microbiome might vary as a function of bacterial density or resource availability. My results suggest that the presence of a phyllosphere microbiome does decrease pathogen colonization success, as plants sprayed with a microbiome had significantly less pathogen growth than plants sprayed with sterile buffer. I additionally show that the dose of microbiome spray has an effect on protection, and that this effect is dependent on the composition of the microbial community, but not microbial diversity. Finally, my results suggest that microbe-microbe competition (resource community dynamics) may play an important role in protection, as the addition of fertilizer abolishes the observed microbiome-mediated protection. Together, my results may alter our understanding of microbiome-mediated protection within agricultural settings and the use of plant probiotics. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2018
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Microbiology. $3 591510
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 local $3 554714
690 $a 0410
710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 1178819
710 2 $a University of California, Berkeley. $b Integrative Biology. $3 1195273
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 78-11B(E).
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10282594 $z click for full text (PQDT)