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Effects of Stress, Genetics, and Environment on Microbiome Composition in Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte).

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Effects of Stress, Genetics, and Environment on Microbiome Composition in Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte)./
Author:	Paddock, Kyle J.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
Description:	165 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-02B.
Subject:	Entomology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30420808
ISBN:	9798380149358

Effects of Stress, Genetics, and Environment on Microbiome Composition in Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte).
Paddock, Kyle J.

Effects of Stress, Genetics, and Environment on Microbiome Composition in Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 165 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri - Columbia, 2023.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Increased study of microbiomes illuminated the diversity of roles microorganism play across ecosystems. For agricultural systems, microbiomes represent a new frontier to potentially improve plant, animal, and human health, while increasing agricultural sustainability. Insect pests represent a major threat to health and agriculture. Current management tactics aimed at addressing pest outbreaks may be improved through exploitation and adaptation of microbiomes. Corn growers in the United States encounter several insect pests throughout the growing season. None may be as damaging as the subterranean larvae of the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Transgenic corn producing insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) effectively controls WCR, but continuous use of Bt corn leads to the evolution of resistance and failure of the management tactic. Proper resistance management is necessary to prolong the efficacy of Bt-corn as new management tools are slow to reach the market. Insect microbiomes have been shown to enhance host nutrition, disrupt plant defenses, and protect against diseases, but are also capable of inducing mortality in certain situations. Thus, understanding WCR microbial communities may improve management of this serious pest.The first objective of this investigation was to characterize WCR beetle-associated bacterial communities and describe their patterns of assembly across spatial scales. Communities were characterized from WCR adults collected across the United States using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results suggest dispersal dynamics shape bacterial communities at small spatial scales (~25 km apart) while host genetics or environment drive bacterial community composition at broad scales (>50 km apart). Findings provide important information for understanding how determinants of insect microbiomes are influenced by deterministic and stochastic forces. The second objective was to investigate the potential impact of Bt intoxication and resistance on the WCR larval microbiome. Comparisons of microbial communities of Bt-resistant and -susceptible WCR were made after feeding on Bt and non-Bt corn. Bt-resistant larvae harbor a less rich microbiome that is unresponsive to Bt ingestion. Selection for resistance to Bt produced heritable changes in the microbiome, potentially providing WCR an adaptive trait to mitigate stress. In an effort to synthesize the previous findings of this work into a management application, the third objective asked how do sustainable management practices that boost soil microbial diversity affect WCR fitness. Soil microbes from fields planted with cover crops and no-till were applied to Bt and non-Bt corn seedlings and fed to Bt-resistant and -susceptible WCR larvae. Susceptible larvae were controlled by Bt regardless of soil microbiome treatment. Cover crop no-till soil microbes reduced Bt-resistant WCR larval dry weight. Transgenic crops can likely be integrated with the sustainable cropping practice of cover cropping and no-till to improve belowground pest management. Food security in the future will rely on successful integration of sustainable management practices in agricultural systems to balance productivity and broader ecosystem functioning. Microbiomes represent a link between plant, animal, and human life that could help accomplish this goal. Documenting the ecological rules microbiomes follow serve as a foundation for application of these powerful systems.

ISBN: 9798380149358Subjects--Topical Terms:

668730
Entomology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Microbiome composition

Effects of Stress, Genetics, and Environment on Microbiome Composition in Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte).
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520 $a Increased study of microbiomes illuminated the diversity of roles microorganism play across ecosystems. For agricultural systems, microbiomes represent a new frontier to potentially improve plant, animal, and human health, while increasing agricultural sustainability. Insect pests represent a major threat to health and agriculture. Current management tactics aimed at addressing pest outbreaks may be improved through exploitation and adaptation of microbiomes. Corn growers in the United States encounter several insect pests throughout the growing season. None may be as damaging as the subterranean larvae of the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Transgenic corn producing insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) effectively controls WCR, but continuous use of Bt corn leads to the evolution of resistance and failure of the management tactic. Proper resistance management is necessary to prolong the efficacy of Bt-corn as new management tools are slow to reach the market. Insect microbiomes have been shown to enhance host nutrition, disrupt plant defenses, and protect against diseases, but are also capable of inducing mortality in certain situations. Thus, understanding WCR microbial communities may improve management of this serious pest.The first objective of this investigation was to characterize WCR beetle-associated bacterial communities and describe their patterns of assembly across spatial scales. Communities were characterized from WCR adults collected across the United States using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results suggest dispersal dynamics shape bacterial communities at small spatial scales (~25 km apart) while host genetics or environment drive bacterial community composition at broad scales (>50 km apart). Findings provide important information for understanding how determinants of insect microbiomes are influenced by deterministic and stochastic forces. The second objective was to investigate the potential impact of Bt intoxication and resistance on the WCR larval microbiome. Comparisons of microbial communities of Bt-resistant and -susceptible WCR were made after feeding on Bt and non-Bt corn. Bt-resistant larvae harbor a less rich microbiome that is unresponsive to Bt ingestion. Selection for resistance to Bt produced heritable changes in the microbiome, potentially providing WCR an adaptive trait to mitigate stress. In an effort to synthesize the previous findings of this work into a management application, the third objective asked how do sustainable management practices that boost soil microbial diversity affect WCR fitness. Soil microbes from fields planted with cover crops and no-till were applied to Bt and non-Bt corn seedlings and fed to Bt-resistant and -susceptible WCR larvae. Susceptible larvae were controlled by Bt regardless of soil microbiome treatment. Cover crop no-till soil microbes reduced Bt-resistant WCR larval dry weight. Transgenic crops can likely be integrated with the sustainable cropping practice of cover cropping and no-till to improve belowground pest management. Food security in the future will rely on successful integration of sustainable management practices in agricultural systems to balance productivity and broader ecosystem functioning. Microbiomes represent a link between plant, animal, and human life that could help accomplish this goal. Documenting the ecological rules microbiomes follow serve as a foundation for application of these powerful systems.
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