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Numerical modeling of the neotectonics of Asia : = A new spherical shell finite element method with faults.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Numerical modeling of the neotectonics of Asia :/
Reminder of title:	A new spherical shell finite element method with faults.
Author:	Kong, Xianghong.
Description:	1 online resource (227 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 57-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International57-02B.
Subject:	Geophysics. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798209030232

Numerical modeling of the neotectonics of Asia : = A new spherical shell finite element method with faults.
Kong, Xianghong.

Numerical modeling of the neotectonics of Asia :A new spherical shell finite element method with faults. - 1 online resource (227 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 57-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1995.

Includes bibliographical references

The collision between two continental plates is a complicated multi-stage process. To understand the whole process of the collision it is important to first understand the most recent episode of the collision of the Indian with the Asian plate and to determine the rheology of this region. I present a technique based on the "spherical" Earth with "real" spherical finite elements and spherical fault finite elements, in which vector nodal functions are used to interpolate the velocity at any point in a spherical element from the values at the nodes. After passing a lot of different tests, this computer program is ready for modeling tectonic deformation and fault motion in any large region. The models cover all of Asia east of 40°E and the subduction zones along the margins of the Asia continent. These natural plate boundaries are taken as the boundaries of our model and the velocities of the neighboring plates relative to the Asia continent are given as boundary conditions (except along the northern and western boundaries of the model, where we give reasonable artificial boundary conditions). We include all major faults (both active and inactive) in our models. The primary unknowns are the friction coefficient of faults within Asia, the amount of shear traction applied to Asia in the Himalayan and oceanic subduction zones around its margins, and the drag pattern of the mantle on the base of the lithosphere. The best model matches 94% of fault slip senses, with 2.4 mm/a RMS error in fault slip rate. The best fitting parameters are fault friction of 0.085~0.04, shear traction of 17~20 MPa on the boundary between India and Asia, and 2 MPa on oceanic subduction zones. The best model shows that eastern China and southeast Asia flow rapidly eastward with respect to Siberia. Because this flow occurs across a wide area, with northern boundary along Tian Shan and Baikal, the net eastward escape is greater than the rate of crustal addition in the Himalayas. The crustal volume change rates indicate that the crustal budget is balanced by extension and thinning, primarily within the Tibetan plateau and Baikal rift. Today's "extrusion" is achieved primarily by rigid motion of crust with thickness gradients. The low level of deviatoric stresses suggests that topographic stress plays a major role in the orogeny; thus, we have to expect that different paleotopography was a major factor causing the multiple stages of the collision. By calculating models with different elevations of Tibet, I find that when the average elevation was 2000 m, extrusion was achieved by motion along strike slip faults and the extrusion rate was only half of the crustal thickening rate. After Tibet rose the primary mechanism of extrusion changed to rigid motion of crust with thickness gradients.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798209030232Subjects--Topical Terms:

686174
Geophysics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Baikal riftIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Numerical modeling of the neotectonics of Asia : = A new spherical shell finite element method with faults.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 57-02, Section: B.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Bird, Peter.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1995.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a The collision between two continental plates is a complicated multi-stage process. To understand the whole process of the collision it is important to first understand the most recent episode of the collision of the Indian with the Asian plate and to determine the rheology of this region. I present a technique based on the "spherical" Earth with "real" spherical finite elements and spherical fault finite elements, in which vector nodal functions are used to interpolate the velocity at any point in a spherical element from the values at the nodes. After passing a lot of different tests, this computer program is ready for modeling tectonic deformation and fault motion in any large region. The models cover all of Asia east of 40°E and the subduction zones along the margins of the Asia continent. These natural plate boundaries are taken as the boundaries of our model and the velocities of the neighboring plates relative to the Asia continent are given as boundary conditions (except along the northern and western boundaries of the model, where we give reasonable artificial boundary conditions). We include all major faults (both active and inactive) in our models. The primary unknowns are the friction coefficient of faults within Asia, the amount of shear traction applied to Asia in the Himalayan and oceanic subduction zones around its margins, and the drag pattern of the mantle on the base of the lithosphere. The best model matches 94% of fault slip senses, with 2.4 mm/a RMS error in fault slip rate. The best fitting parameters are fault friction of 0.085~0.04, shear traction of 17~20 MPa on the boundary between India and Asia, and 2 MPa on oceanic subduction zones. The best model shows that eastern China and southeast Asia flow rapidly eastward with respect to Siberia. Because this flow occurs across a wide area, with northern boundary along Tian Shan and Baikal, the net eastward escape is greater than the rate of crustal addition in the Himalayas. The crustal volume change rates indicate that the crustal budget is balanced by extension and thinning, primarily within the Tibetan plateau and Baikal rift. Today's "extrusion" is achieved primarily by rigid motion of crust with thickness gradients. The low level of deviatoric stresses suggests that topographic stress plays a major role in the orogeny; thus, we have to expect that different paleotopography was a major factor causing the multiple stages of the collision. By calculating models with different elevations of Tibet, I find that when the average elevation was 2000 m, extrusion was achieved by motion along strike slip faults and the extrusion rate was only half of the crustal thickening rate. After Tibet rose the primary mechanism of extrusion changed to rigid motion of crust with thickness gradients.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2024
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Geophysics. $3 686174
650 4 $a Geology. $3 670379
653 $a Baikal rift
653 $a Indian plate
653 $a Tibetan Plateau
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