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A Study of the Impacts of School of Mind on Eight-Leg Essay Writing in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	A Study of the Impacts of School of Mind on Eight-Leg Essay Writing in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty./
Author:	Wong, Wing Shun.
Description:	1 online resource (393 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-06, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-06A.
Subject:	Asian history. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798496561969

A Study of the Impacts of School of Mind on Eight-Leg Essay Writing in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty.
Wong, Wing Shun.

A Study of the Impacts of School of Mind on Eight-Leg Essay Writing in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty. - 1 online resource (393 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-06, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2020.

Includes bibliographical references

Zhi Yi (Eight-Legged Essay) was the most prevalent form of essay-writing adopted by the exam-takers of the Imperial Examinations in Ming dynasty. To reduce uncertainties in grading schemes and ensure fairness, strict regulations were imposed by the government on Zhi Yi. For the content, the candidates could only follow the Neo-Confucian canon put forth by the Cheng-Zhu School philosophers to compose their essays. As for the format, they were required to observe the rules governing different sections of the essay, both structurally and stylistically. In early Ming dynasty, the exam-takers followed these rules rigidly for a hundred years. However, starting from Zheng De period, the candidates began to break the rules that they no longer take the Cheng-Zhu Confucianism as the only answer. Instead, they tried to add their own point of views in their essays. In Wan Li years, some exam-takers even criticized Zhu Xi for his misinterpretation of the Confucian Classics, which means that the Cheng-Zhu School has lost authority over the admission standard of the Imperial Examinations. Moreover, regarding the format, some candidates tried to write Zhi Yi in Han Tang literary style starting from Hong Zhi period. This was then followed by an advocacy for restoring the Han Tang literary style as the standard of Zhi Yi in Jia Jing years. As a result, a composition environment with more diversified literary styles and writing skills was formed in Wan Li period. Therefore, the content of Zhi Yi was full of the authors' personality traits and the forms were more vigorous in Jia Jing and Wan Li period compared to those in early Ming dynasty. Such phenomena coincided with the rise of Neo-Confucian School of Mind in Ming dynasty, which implies that there should be a close relationship between the two. The aim of this paper is to discuss the course of development of Zhi Yi in the middle and late Ming dynasty, and to investigate its relationship with Neo- Confucian School of Mind. Five School of Mind philosophers from Hong Zhi iii period to Wan Li period are selected as the subject of study, namely Wang Yangming, Zhan Ruoshui, Tang Shunzhi, Mao Kun and Yuan Huang. They are influential in Zhi Yi education and composition in these hundred years. This paper analyzes their thoughts on Confucian Classics, the instructional and literary theories put forth by them, and the characteristics of their Zhi Yi works. It is found that most of them opposed Cheng-Zhu School philosophers' interpretation of the Classics. Furthermore, they made good use of the Imperial Examination to promote the Neo-Confucian School of Mind. Consequently, the influence and the vital position of Cheng- Zhu School in Imperial Examination was weakened. Since they emphasized more on personal character, thus the content of Zhi Yi turned to be more personalized in the middle and late Ming dynasty. In addition, Zhi Yi written in various forms sprung up because the candidates wanted to display their personality traits in their works. Therefore, the strict regulations on Zhi Yi in early Ming dynasty has been broken through in the middle and late Ming dynasty under the influence of School of Mind. A period of compositions with personalized styles began to prevail.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798496561969Subjects--Topical Terms:

810327
Asian history.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Ming DynastyIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

A Study of the Impacts of School of Mind on Eight-Leg Essay Writing in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty.
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