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Anatomical, Physiological, and Photomorphogenic Responses of Lettuce and Basil to Far-red Radiation Under Sole-Source Lighting.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Anatomical, Physiological, and Photomorphogenic Responses of Lettuce and Basil to Far-red Radiation Under Sole-Source Lighting./
Author:	Eylands, Nathan Jon.
Description:	1 online resource (176 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-12B.
Subject:	Horticulture. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798379722593

Anatomical, Physiological, and Photomorphogenic Responses of Lettuce and Basil to Far-red Radiation Under Sole-Source Lighting.
Eylands, Nathan Jon.

Anatomical, Physiological, and Photomorphogenic Responses of Lettuce and Basil to Far-red Radiation Under Sole-Source Lighting. - 1 online resource (176 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

In recent years, energy saving light emitting diodes (LEDs) have contributed to the profitability and sustainability of controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Furthermore, LEDs have given growers more control over spectral deliverance. This dissertation examines the benefits of incorporating far-red (FR; λ = 700 - 799 nm) radiation into the quantum distribution provided by electric lamps in operations growing lettuce and basil. Traditionally, FR photons have been excluded from the definition of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; λ = 400 - 700 nm) due to their poor photosynthetic performance when acting as a sole light-source in a narrow waveband. However, recent research has offered a new opinion on the synergistic nature of FR photons when provided in tandem with traditional PAR photons, leading many to believe that the definition of PAR should be re-examined and extended (ePAR; λ = 400 - 750 nm). To probe the negative perception of FR photon morphology, I have conducted experiments that supplement and substitute FR photons in the lighting regime of lettuce and basil. Throughout this research, I examined the anatomical, physiological, and photomorphogenic assets of FR radiation and how they can benefit CEA production. The objective of Chapter 1 was to investigate a novel lighting strategy using FR radiation to manipulate lettuce seedling morphology. The hypothesis was that increasing FR would illicit a shade-tolerance response to increase leaf surface area and photon capture at the seedling stage, thereby increasing yields at time of harvest. Lettuce seedlings under white LEDs were supplemented with 5, 10, 20, or 30 µmol‧m-2 ‧s-1 of FR radiation (peak 736 nm) for 10 d. Subsequently, all seedling treatments were transplanted to a common growth environment to finish their growth cycle. Increasing supplemental FR radiation consistently increased plant growth at the seedling stage, but these increases were generally overcome at time of harvest. Chapter 2 was performed as a continuation of Chapter 1. I wanted to test if the same strategy could work more effectively on another crop as well as add a duration component to the FR seedling treatments. Basil seedlings were grown under the same conditions as described in Chapter 1. The only difference was that half of the basil seedlings were removed from FR treatments after 5 d while the other half remained for the full 10 d. Transplants were positioned in a common growth environment as mentioned previously. Overall, incorporating supplemental FR radiation was beneficial to the enhancement of basil seedling growth and also harvestable mass at maturation. Given the emerging benefits of FR radiation in grow spectra for leafy greens, Chapter 3 aimed to elucidate temporal impacts of FR on the growth and anatomy of lettuce. This experiment tracked cellular, tissue, and whole plant growth and developmental changes from transplant to harvest. 'Rex' lettuce was grown under two different spectra: equal photon fluxes with 1) 2% FR radiation or 2) 20% FR radiation. Developmentally, leaf primordia emerged at similar rates between the two treatments. The effects of 20% FR over time increased cell expansion, cell number per leaf, leaf area, and canopy cover over 2% FR. These beneficial effects led to greater light harvesting, which in turn resulted in the synthesis of more photosynthates and a crop that accumulates biomass at an increased rate. FR radiation's role in balancing photosystem excitation is critical to optimize the photosynthetic rate. The objective of Chapter 4 was to determine if photosynthetic capacity in lettuce using elemental metals that are directly or indirectly involved in photosynthetic redox reactions and/or structural machinery. Fe, Cu, and Zn were supplied at sub-optimal (0.1x), optimal (1x), and supra-optimal (2x) rates in a hydroponic nutrient solution. Each nutrient solution treatment was exposed to three radiation treatments that provided 2%, 20%, or 40% FR radiation. All radiation treatments provided identical photon flux and substituted FR photons for commensurate PAR photons. Long-term exposure to increased FR fraction did not change the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), indicating photomorphogenesis may have played a more significant role in biomass accumulation. However, increasing concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn in the nutrient solution increased ΦPSII. Concentration of Fe, Cu, and Zn in leaf tissues generally decreased as FR fraction increased, yet these same concentrations increased when Fe, Cu, and Zn were increased in the nutrient solution.Further research is necessary to fully understand FR radiation effects and uses in horticultural lighting. Research areas should include dynamic lighting strategies that balance high yields with consumer preferences, e.g., nutritional quality, taste, and landed cost. This is an exciting time in history to research this important waveband, and my hope is that this body of work adds to the knowledge of what is yet to come.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798379722593Subjects--Topical Terms:

1058420
Horticulture.
Subjects--Index Terms:

BasilIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Anatomical, Physiological, and Photomorphogenic Responses of Lettuce and Basil to Far-red Radiation Under Sole-Source Lighting.
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520 $a In recent years, energy saving light emitting diodes (LEDs) have contributed to the profitability and sustainability of controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Furthermore, LEDs have given growers more control over spectral deliverance. This dissertation examines the benefits of incorporating far-red (FR; λ = 700 - 799 nm) radiation into the quantum distribution provided by electric lamps in operations growing lettuce and basil. Traditionally, FR photons have been excluded from the definition of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; λ = 400 - 700 nm) due to their poor photosynthetic performance when acting as a sole light-source in a narrow waveband. However, recent research has offered a new opinion on the synergistic nature of FR photons when provided in tandem with traditional PAR photons, leading many to believe that the definition of PAR should be re-examined and extended (ePAR; λ = 400 - 750 nm). To probe the negative perception of FR photon morphology, I have conducted experiments that supplement and substitute FR photons in the lighting regime of lettuce and basil. Throughout this research, I examined the anatomical, physiological, and photomorphogenic assets of FR radiation and how they can benefit CEA production. The objective of Chapter 1 was to investigate a novel lighting strategy using FR radiation to manipulate lettuce seedling morphology. The hypothesis was that increasing FR would illicit a shade-tolerance response to increase leaf surface area and photon capture at the seedling stage, thereby increasing yields at time of harvest. Lettuce seedlings under white LEDs were supplemented with 5, 10, 20, or 30 µmol‧m-2 ‧s-1 of FR radiation (peak 736 nm) for 10 d. Subsequently, all seedling treatments were transplanted to a common growth environment to finish their growth cycle. Increasing supplemental FR radiation consistently increased plant growth at the seedling stage, but these increases were generally overcome at time of harvest. Chapter 2 was performed as a continuation of Chapter 1. I wanted to test if the same strategy could work more effectively on another crop as well as add a duration component to the FR seedling treatments. Basil seedlings were grown under the same conditions as described in Chapter 1. The only difference was that half of the basil seedlings were removed from FR treatments after 5 d while the other half remained for the full 10 d. Transplants were positioned in a common growth environment as mentioned previously. Overall, incorporating supplemental FR radiation was beneficial to the enhancement of basil seedling growth and also harvestable mass at maturation. Given the emerging benefits of FR radiation in grow spectra for leafy greens, Chapter 3 aimed to elucidate temporal impacts of FR on the growth and anatomy of lettuce. This experiment tracked cellular, tissue, and whole plant growth and developmental changes from transplant to harvest. 'Rex' lettuce was grown under two different spectra: equal photon fluxes with 1) 2% FR radiation or 2) 20% FR radiation. Developmentally, leaf primordia emerged at similar rates between the two treatments. The effects of 20% FR over time increased cell expansion, cell number per leaf, leaf area, and canopy cover over 2% FR. These beneficial effects led to greater light harvesting, which in turn resulted in the synthesis of more photosynthates and a crop that accumulates biomass at an increased rate. FR radiation's role in balancing photosystem excitation is critical to optimize the photosynthetic rate. The objective of Chapter 4 was to determine if photosynthetic capacity in lettuce using elemental metals that are directly or indirectly involved in photosynthetic redox reactions and/or structural machinery. Fe, Cu, and Zn were supplied at sub-optimal (0.1x), optimal (1x), and supra-optimal (2x) rates in a hydroponic nutrient solution. Each nutrient solution treatment was exposed to three radiation treatments that provided 2%, 20%, or 40% FR radiation. All radiation treatments provided identical photon flux and substituted FR photons for commensurate PAR photons. Long-term exposure to increased FR fraction did not change the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), indicating photomorphogenesis may have played a more significant role in biomass accumulation. However, increasing concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn in the nutrient solution increased ΦPSII. Concentration of Fe, Cu, and Zn in leaf tissues generally decreased as FR fraction increased, yet these same concentrations increased when Fe, Cu, and Zn were increased in the nutrient solution.Further research is necessary to fully understand FR radiation effects and uses in horticultural lighting. Research areas should include dynamic lighting strategies that balance high yields with consumer preferences, e.g., nutritional quality, taste, and landed cost. This is an exciting time in history to research this important waveband, and my hope is that this body of work adds to the knowledge of what is yet to come.
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