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Evaluating the Associations Between Energy Availability, Eating Attitudes, and Bone Strength in Young Endurance-Trained Individuals.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Evaluating the Associations Between Energy Availability, Eating Attitudes, and Bone Strength in Young Endurance-Trained Individuals./
Author:	Sevinc, Ada.
Description:	1 online resource (116 pages)
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International85-11.
Subject:	Body mass index. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798382614892

Evaluating the Associations Between Energy Availability, Eating Attitudes, and Bone Strength in Young Endurance-Trained Individuals.
Sevinc, Ada.

Evaluating the Associations Between Energy Availability, Eating Attitudes, and Bone Strength in Young Endurance-Trained Individuals. - 1 online resource (116 pages)

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11.

Thesis (M.P.E.)--McGill University (Canada), 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Background:Endurance athletes are at a greater risk of low energy availability (EA) due to high-volume of training, elevated nutritional demands, and a higher prevalence of disordered eating. Low EA can lead to impaired bone health including an uncoupling in bone turnover and reductions in bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture, and bone strength. However, few studies have explored the associations between EA, eating attitudes, and bone health in endurance-trained individuals, with no studies describing sex differences.Objective:The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the associations between EA, eating attitudes, and bone strength in young male and female endurance-trained individuals.Methods:We recruited 43 healthy males and females aged 18-35 years with no known medical conditions/medication use affecting bone metabolism who participated on a competitive endurance sports team and/or in regular weight-bearing endurance exercise (≥180 minutes/week). Accelerometers were used to determine physical activity levels. Incremental treadmill testing to volitional exhaustion was performed to measure maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was performed to measure total, trabecular, and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and area, and stress-strain index (SSI) at the distal (4% tibia length) and proximal tibia (38% and 66% tibia length). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to determine lean body mass (LBM) and areal BMD (aBMD) at the total hip, and femoral neck. EA was calculated over a 7-day period using dietary energy intake from 24-hour dietary recall and exercise energy expenditure using polar heart rate monitors and an individualized heart rate-VO2 equation based on an incremental treadmill testing, adjusted for LBM from DXA. Drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and bulimia subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) were administered to assess DE attitudes. Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, and BMI were developed. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare outcomes between sexes.Results:Forty-three participants participated in the study (72% male, age 25.54 ± 4.25 years, BMI 22.81 ± 2.88 kg/m2, percent body fat 18.58 ± 6.24%, LBM 54.16 ± 10.67 kg, VO2max 57.02 ml/min/kg, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 667.3 (356 - 3349) minutes/week, EA 39.11 ± 14.02 kcal/kg LBM/d). No differences in EA and EDI-3 outcomes were observed between sexes. Male participants had higher total vBMD (p = 0.020), total area (p = 0.011), trabecular vBMD (p = 0.005), and trabecular area (p < 0.001) at 4% site; higher cortical area and SSI at 38% (p < 0.001) and 66% site (p < 0.001), and higher total area at 66% site (p < 0.001) compared to females. EA was negatively associated with trabecular area (r = -0.333, p = 0.036) and SSI at 38% site (r = -0.339, p = 0.032), and positively associated with cortical area at 66% site (rs= 0.459, p = 0.003). Negative correlations were observed between drive for thinness and EA (rs= -0.380, p = 0.014) and EDI-3 total score (rs = -0.316, p = 0.044). No associations were observed between EDI-3 scores and pQCT bone outcomes. When adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, none of the associations between EA, EDI-3 outcomes, and pQCT outcomes remained significant.Conclusion:The findings indicate that field-based EA measures may lack sensitivity in identifying associations between EA and bone strength among male and female endurance athletes. The observed associations agree with the existing evidence that DE attitudes may be robust surrogate markers of energy deficiency when screening athletes and exercising individuals who are at risk of low EA and bone fragility. Future prospective studies in a larger sample size with longer-term assessments of EA are needed to confirm these associations between EA, eating attitudes, and pQCT measures of bone strength, and evaluate potential sex differences.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798382614892Subjects--Topical Terms:

1465885
Body mass index.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Evaluating the Associations Between Energy Availability, Eating Attitudes, and Bone Strength in Young Endurance-Trained Individuals.
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502 $a Thesis (M.P.E.)--McGill University (Canada), 2023.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Background:Endurance athletes are at a greater risk of low energy availability (EA) due to high-volume of training, elevated nutritional demands, and a higher prevalence of disordered eating. Low EA can lead to impaired bone health including an uncoupling in bone turnover and reductions in bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchitecture, and bone strength. However, few studies have explored the associations between EA, eating attitudes, and bone health in endurance-trained individuals, with no studies describing sex differences.Objective:The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the associations between EA, eating attitudes, and bone strength in young male and female endurance-trained individuals.Methods:We recruited 43 healthy males and females aged 18-35 years with no known medical conditions/medication use affecting bone metabolism who participated on a competitive endurance sports team and/or in regular weight-bearing endurance exercise (≥180 minutes/week). Accelerometers were used to determine physical activity levels. Incremental treadmill testing to volitional exhaustion was performed to measure maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was performed to measure total, trabecular, and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and area, and stress-strain index (SSI) at the distal (4% tibia length) and proximal tibia (38% and 66% tibia length). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to determine lean body mass (LBM) and areal BMD (aBMD) at the total hip, and femoral neck. EA was calculated over a 7-day period using dietary energy intake from 24-hour dietary recall and exercise energy expenditure using polar heart rate monitors and an individualized heart rate-VO2 equation based on an incremental treadmill testing, adjusted for LBM from DXA. Drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and bulimia subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) were administered to assess DE attitudes. Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, and BMI were developed. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare outcomes between sexes.Results:Forty-three participants participated in the study (72% male, age 25.54 ± 4.25 years, BMI 22.81 ± 2.88 kg/m2, percent body fat 18.58 ± 6.24%, LBM 54.16 ± 10.67 kg, VO2max 57.02 ml/min/kg, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 667.3 (356 - 3349) minutes/week, EA 39.11 ± 14.02 kcal/kg LBM/d). No differences in EA and EDI-3 outcomes were observed between sexes. Male participants had higher total vBMD (p = 0.020), total area (p = 0.011), trabecular vBMD (p = 0.005), and trabecular area (p < 0.001) at 4% site; higher cortical area and SSI at 38% (p < 0.001) and 66% site (p < 0.001), and higher total area at 66% site (p < 0.001) compared to females. EA was negatively associated with trabecular area (r = -0.333, p = 0.036) and SSI at 38% site (r = -0.339, p = 0.032), and positively associated with cortical area at 66% site (rs= 0.459, p = 0.003). Negative correlations were observed between drive for thinness and EA (rs= -0.380, p = 0.014) and EDI-3 total score (rs = -0.316, p = 0.044). No associations were observed between EDI-3 scores and pQCT bone outcomes. When adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, none of the associations between EA, EDI-3 outcomes, and pQCT outcomes remained significant.Conclusion:The findings indicate that field-based EA measures may lack sensitivity in identifying associations between EA and bone strength among male and female endurance athletes. The observed associations agree with the existing evidence that DE attitudes may be robust surrogate markers of energy deficiency when screening athletes and exercising individuals who are at risk of low EA and bone fragility. Future prospective studies in a larger sample size with longer-term assessments of EA are needed to confirm these associations between EA, eating attitudes, and pQCT measures of bone strength, and evaluate potential sex differences.
520 $a Contexte:Les athletes d'endurance courent un plus grand risque de faible disponibilite energetique (EA) en raison du volume eleve d'entrainement, des exigences nutritionnelles elevees et d'une prevalence plus elevee de troubles de l'alimentation. Une faible disponibilite energetique peut entrainer une deterioration de la sante osseuse, notamment un decouplage du renouvellement osseux et une reduction de la solidite des os. Cependant, peu d'etudes ont explore les associations entre l'EA, les attitudes alimentaires et la sante osseuse chez les personnes entrainees a l'endurance, et aucune etude n'a decrit les differences entre les sexes.Objectif:L'objectif de cette these est d'evaluer les associations entre l'EA, les attitudes alimentaires et la solidite des os chez les jeunes hommes et femmes pratiquant l'endurance.Methodes:Nous avons recrute 43 hommes et femmes en bonne sante, ages de 18 a 35 ans et faisant partie d'une equipe competitive de sport d'endurance et/ou pratiquant regulierement des exercices d'endurance avec mise en charge (≥180 minutes/semaine). Un test incremental sur tapis roulant a ete effectue pour mesurer la capacite aerobie maximale (VO2max).Une tomographie quantitative peripherique (pQCT) a ete realisee pour mesurer la densite minerale osseuse volumetrique totale, trabeculaire et corticale (vBMD) et la surface, ainsi que l'indice de contrainte-deformation au niveau du tibia distal (4% de la longueur du tibia) et proximal (38% et 66% de la longueur du tibia). L'absorptiometrie a rayons X a double energie (DXA) a ete utilisee pour determiner la masse corporelle maigre (LBM) et la DMO surfacique (aBMD) au niveau de la hanche totale et du col du femur. L'EA a ete calculee sur une periode de 7 jours en utilisant l'apport energetique alimentaire a partir d'un rappel alimentaire de 24 heures et la depense energetique liee a l'exercice a l'aide de moniteurs de frequence cardiaque polaires et d'une equation frequence cardiaque-VO2 individualisee basee. Les sous-echelles de la recherche de la minceur, de l'insatisfaction corporelle et de la boulimie de l'Inventaire des troubles de l'alimentation-3 (EDI-3) ont ete administrees pour evaluer les attitudes de l'EDA. Des coefficients de correlation de Pearson/Spearman et des modeles de regression lineaire multivariable ajustes en fonction de l'age, du sexe et de l'IMC ont ete elabores. Des tests t d'echantillons independants ont ete utilises pour comparer les resultats entre les sexes.Resultats:Quarante-trois participants ont pris part a l'etude (72 % d'hommes, age 25,54 ± 4,25 ans, IMC 22,81 ± 2,88 kg/m2, pourcentage de graisse corporelle 18,58 ± 6,24 %, LBM 54,16 ± 10,67 kg, VO2max 57,02 ml/min/kg, activite physique moderee a vigoureuse 667,3 (356 - 3349) minutes par semaine, EA 39,11 ± 14,02 kcal/kg LBM/j). Les participants masculins avaient une vBMD totale (p = 0,020), une surface totale (p = 0,011), une vBMD trabeculaire (p = 0,005) et une surface trabeculaire (p < 0,001) plus elevees au site de 4 % ; une surface corticale et un indice de contrainte-deformation plus eleves aux sites de 38 % (p < 0,001) et de 66 % (p < 0,001), et une surface totale plus elevee au site de 66 % (p < 0,001) par rapport aux femmes. L'EA etait negativement associee a la surface trabeculaire (r = -0,333, p = 0,036) et a l'indice de contrainte-deformation sur le site de 38 % (r = -0,339, p = 0,032), et positivement associee a la surface corticale sur le site de 66 % (rs= 0,459, p = 0,003). Des correlations negatives ont ete observees entre la recherche de la minceur et l'EA (rs= -0,380, p = 0,014) et le score total EDI-3 (rs = -0,316, p = 0,044).Conclusions:Les resultats indiquent que les mesures de l'EA sur le terrain peuvent manquer de sensibilite pour identifier les associations entre l'EA et la solidite des os chez les athletes d'endurance masculins et feminins. De futures etudes prospectives sur un echantillon plus important avec des evaluations a plus long terme de l'EA sont necessaires pour confirmer nos resultats.
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