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Incorporating the Influence of Latent Modal Preferences in Travel Demand Models.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Incorporating the Influence of Latent Modal Preferences in Travel Demand Models./
Author:	Vij, Akshay.
Description:	1 online resource (114 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-08(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-08A(E).
Subject:	Transportation. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9781303833748

Incorporating the Influence of Latent Modal Preferences in Travel Demand Models.
Vij, Akshay.

Incorporating the Influence of Latent Modal Preferences in Travel Demand Models. - 1 online resource (114 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-08(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)

Includes bibliographical references

Latent modal preferences, or modality styles, are defined as behavioral predispositions towards a certain travel mode or set of travel modes that an individual habitually uses. They are reflective of higher-level orientations, or lifestyles, that are hypothesized to influence all dimensions of an individual's travel and activity behavior. For example, in the context of travel mode choice different modality styles may be characterized by the set of travel modes that an individual might consider when deciding how to travel, her sensitivity, or lack thereof, to different level-of-service attributes of the transportation (and land use) system when making that decision, and the socioeconomic characteristics that predispose her one way or another. Travel demand models currently in practice assume that individuals are aware of the full range of alternatives at their disposal, and that a conscious choice is made based on a tradeoff between perceived costs and benefits associated with alternative attributes. Heterogeneity in the choice process is typically represented as systematic taste variation or random taste variation to incorporate both observable and unobservable differences in sensitivity to alternative attributes. Though such a representation is convenient from the standpoint of model estimation, it overlooks the effects of inertia, incomplete information and indifference that are reflective of more profound individual variations in lifestyles built around the use of different travel modes and their concurrent influence on all dimensions of individual and household travel and activity behavior.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9781303833748Subjects--Topical Terms:

558117
Transportation.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Incorporating the Influence of Latent Modal Preferences in Travel Demand Models.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-08(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Joan L. Walker.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.) $c University of California, Berkeley $d 2013.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Latent modal preferences, or modality styles, are defined as behavioral predispositions towards a certain travel mode or set of travel modes that an individual habitually uses. They are reflective of higher-level orientations, or lifestyles, that are hypothesized to influence all dimensions of an individual's travel and activity behavior. For example, in the context of travel mode choice different modality styles may be characterized by the set of travel modes that an individual might consider when deciding how to travel, her sensitivity, or lack thereof, to different level-of-service attributes of the transportation (and land use) system when making that decision, and the socioeconomic characteristics that predispose her one way or another. Travel demand models currently in practice assume that individuals are aware of the full range of alternatives at their disposal, and that a conscious choice is made based on a tradeoff between perceived costs and benefits associated with alternative attributes. Heterogeneity in the choice process is typically represented as systematic taste variation or random taste variation to incorporate both observable and unobservable differences in sensitivity to alternative attributes. Though such a representation is convenient from the standpoint of model estimation, it overlooks the effects of inertia, incomplete information and indifference that are reflective of more profound individual variations in lifestyles built around the use of different travel modes and their concurrent influence on all dimensions of individual and household travel and activity behavior.
520 $a The objectives of this dissertation are three-fold: (1) to develop a travel demand model framework that captures the influence of modality styles on multiple dimensions of individual and household travel and activity behavior; (2) to test that the framework is both methodologically flexible and empirically robust; and (3) to demonstrate the value of the framework to transportation policy and practice.
520 $a For all three datasets, estimation results find that modality styles are strongly correlated with more long-term travel and activity decisions, such as level of vehicle ownership and residential location. In examining the influence of individual modality styles on travel mode choice behavior, the model framework for both the static and the dynamic context took one or more of these decisions as exogenous inputs. However, such a causal representation risks endogeneity, leading us to reverse the representation and include these dimensions explicitly as dependent variables. In doing so, we recognize that dimensions such as level of vehicle ownership represent decisions that are not made by individuals in isolation from other members of the household. An individual's preferences and choices are strongly shaped by the opinions and behaviors of the people around her, particularly when a choice is made collectively by a group of individuals, as in the case of a household. Therefore, interaction between household members must be understood to influence, among other things, individual modality styles. To reflect this influence, we introduce the household modality styles construct, characterized by the modality styles of the respective individuals that make up the household. We build upon the LCCM framework described previously, replacing the individual modality styles construct with the household modality styles construct and conditioning both individual and household level dimensions on the household's modality style, therefore introducing correlation between preferences of the individuals that constitute the household.
520 $a Modality styles have important implications for transportation policies and infrastructural initiatives seeking to change existing patterns of travel mode choice behavior. Travel demand models constitute an important component of the planning and policy-making process, being widely used to make forecasts, which in turn are driven by the assumptions that these models make about how individuals arrive at decisions. We use estimation results from the BATS 2000 dataset to compare forecasts from different model specifications for scenarios evaluating the impact of increased auto congestion and improvements to the public transit system on travel mode choice behavior. Findings reveal that models of travel mode choice behavior that ignore the influence of modality styles can overestimate expected gains from transport policies and infrastructural initiatives seeking to reduce automobile use by factors of between one-and-a-half and three. The dissertation further demonstrates how incremental improvements in the transportation system, unless accompanied by corresponding shifts in the distribution of individuals across different modality styles, will result in far smaller changes in travel behavior than would be predicted by a traditional model of travel mode choice. This dissertation makes the case that what is needed is a dramatic change to the transportation system that forces individuals to reconsider how they travel. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
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538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
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