國立虎尾科技大學 |

An Affordance Management, Life History Approach to Perceptions of Criminal Behavior.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	An Affordance Management, Life History Approach to Perceptions of Criminal Behavior./
Author:	Williams, Keelah.
Description:	1 online resource (139 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-09(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-09B(E).
Subject:	Psychology. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9781369745429

An Affordance Management, Life History Approach to Perceptions of Criminal Behavior.
Williams, Keelah.

An Affordance Management, Life History Approach to Perceptions of Criminal Behavior. - 1 online resource (139 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-09(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 2017.

Includes bibliographical references

Why do social perceivers use race to infer a target's propensity for criminal behavior and likelihood of re-offense? Life history theory proposes that the harshness and unpredictability of one's environment shapes individuals' behavior, with harsh and unpredictable ("desperate") ecologies inducing "fast" life history strategies (characterized by present-focused behaviors), and resource-sufficient and stable ("hopeful") ecologies inducing "slow" life history strategies (characterized by future-focused behaviors). Social perceivers have an implicit understanding of the ways in which ecology shapes behavior, and use cues to ecology to infer a target's likely life history strategy. Additionally, because race is confounded with ecology in the United States, American perceivers use race as a heuristic cue to ecology, stereotyping Black individuals as possessing faster life history strategies than White individuals. In the current project, I proposed that many race stereotypes about propensity for criminality and recidivism actually reflect inferences of life history strategy, and thus track beliefs about the behavioral effects of ecology, rather than race. In a series of three studies, I explored the relationship between ecology, race, and perceptions of criminal behavior. Participants in each experiment were recruited through an online marketplace. Findings indicated that (1) stereotypes regarding likelihood to engage in specific crimes were largely driven by beliefs about the presumed ecology of the offender, rather than the offender's race, such that Black and White targets from desperate (and hopeful) ecologies were stereotyped as similarly likely (or unlikely) to commit a variety of crimes; (2) lay beliefs about recidivism predictors likewise reflected inferences of life history strategy, and thus also tracked ecology rather than race; (3) when evaluating whether to release a specific offender on parole, participants placed greater importance on ecology information as compared to race information in a point allocation task, and prioritized ecology information over race information in a ranking task. Taken together, these findings suggest that beliefs about criminality and recidivism may not be driven by race, per se, but instead reflect inferences of how one's ecology shapes behavior. Implications of these findings for understanding and reducing racial bias in the criminal justice system are discussed.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9781369745429Subjects--Topical Terms:

555998
Psychology.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

An Affordance Management, Life History Approach to Perceptions of Criminal Behavior.
LDR:03701ntm a2200337Ki 4500 001 916065
005 20180917084243.5
006 m o u
007 cr mn||||a|a||
008 190606s2017 xx obm 000 0 eng d
020 $a 9781369745429
035 $a (MiAaPQ)AAI10274310
035 $a (MiAaPQ)asu:16928
035 $a AAI10274310
040 $a MiAaPQ $b eng $c MiAaPQ $d NTU
100 1 $a Williams, Keelah. $3 1189648
245 1 3 $a An Affordance Management, Life History Approach to Perceptions of Criminal Behavior.
264 0 $c 2017
300 $a 1 online resource (139 pages)
336 $a text $b txt $2 rdacontent
337 $a computer $b c $2 rdamedia
338 $a online resource $b cr $2 rdacarrier
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-09(E), Section: B.
500 $a Advisers: Steven L. Neuberg; Michael J. Saks.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 2017.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Why do social perceivers use race to infer a target's propensity for criminal behavior and likelihood of re-offense? Life history theory proposes that the harshness and unpredictability of one's environment shapes individuals' behavior, with harsh and unpredictable ("desperate") ecologies inducing "fast" life history strategies (characterized by present-focused behaviors), and resource-sufficient and stable ("hopeful") ecologies inducing "slow" life history strategies (characterized by future-focused behaviors). Social perceivers have an implicit understanding of the ways in which ecology shapes behavior, and use cues to ecology to infer a target's likely life history strategy. Additionally, because race is confounded with ecology in the United States, American perceivers use race as a heuristic cue to ecology, stereotyping Black individuals as possessing faster life history strategies than White individuals. In the current project, I proposed that many race stereotypes about propensity for criminality and recidivism actually reflect inferences of life history strategy, and thus track beliefs about the behavioral effects of ecology, rather than race. In a series of three studies, I explored the relationship between ecology, race, and perceptions of criminal behavior. Participants in each experiment were recruited through an online marketplace. Findings indicated that (1) stereotypes regarding likelihood to engage in specific crimes were largely driven by beliefs about the presumed ecology of the offender, rather than the offender's race, such that Black and White targets from desperate (and hopeful) ecologies were stereotyped as similarly likely (or unlikely) to commit a variety of crimes; (2) lay beliefs about recidivism predictors likewise reflected inferences of life history strategy, and thus also tracked ecology rather than race; (3) when evaluating whether to release a specific offender on parole, participants placed greater importance on ecology information as compared to race information in a point allocation task, and prioritized ecology information over race information in a ranking task. Taken together, these findings suggest that beliefs about criminality and recidivism may not be driven by race, per se, but instead reflect inferences of how one's ecology shapes behavior. Implications of these findings for understanding and reducing racial bias in the criminal justice system are discussed.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2018
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Psychology. $3 555998
650 4 $a Law. $3 671705
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 local $3 554714
690 $a 0621
690 $a 0398
710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 1178819
710 2 $a Arizona State University. $b Psychology. $3 1183983
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 78-09B(E).
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10274310 $z click for full text (PQDT)