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Examination of Energy Needs and Hormone Levels in Male Endurance Athletes.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Examination of Energy Needs and Hormone Levels in Male Endurance Athletes./
Author:	Moore, Erin.
Description:	1 online resource (167 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-11A(E).
Subject:	Physical education. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9780438112476

Examination of Energy Needs and Hormone Levels in Male Endurance Athletes.
Moore, Erin.

Examination of Energy Needs and Hormone Levels in Male Endurance Athletes. - 1 online resource (167 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Carolina, 2018.

Includes bibliographical references

A plethora of literature examining the physiological consequences associated deficits in energy availability (EA) for female athletes exists, however literature examining male athletes is sparse. Purpose: To determine the effects of high exercise energy expenditure (EEE) on Male Triad symptoms (EA with or without an eating disorder [ED], reproductive hormones Testosterone [T] and Luteinizing hormone [LH], and bone mineral density [BMD]) and other metabolic markers (Insulin, Leptin, Cortisol and Interleukin-6 [IL-6]) in endurance-trained male athletes. Methods: We utilized a cross-sectional design on 14 endurance trained male athletes (age: 26.4 + 4.2 yrs.; weight: 70.6 + 6.4 kg; and height: 179.5 + 4.3 cm) whom were recruited from the local community. Two separate training weeks (low [LV] and high [HV] training volumes were collected including: dietary logs, exercise logs, BMD, and blood concentrations for 6 hormones (T, LH, Insulin, Leptin, Cortisol, and IL-6). Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and body composition) were taken prior to data collection. Results: Overall, EA presented as 27.6 + 12.1 kcals/KG/FFM with 35% (n=5) of participants presenting with increased risk for ED. Examining Male Triad components: 1) 32.1% presented with LEA (>20 kcal/kg/FFM) with or without ED, 2) Reproductive hormones T (1780.6 + 1672.6 ng/dL) and LH (813.7 + 314.2 pg/mL) were within normal limits compared to normative data, and 3) BMD was not compromised at 1.31 g/cm2. Participants at risk for LEA (< 20 kcal/KG/FFM), demonstrated 41.2% (n = 7) HV: 50%, n = 4; LV: 33.3%, n = 3) had increased T levels (p = 0.20). Of those participants with LEA, 21.7% (n = 5) (HV: 18.2%, n = 2; LV: 25%, n = 3) presented with low Leptin levels (p = 0.01). Significant regressions revealed T levels from EA (F(1,24) = 4.8, p = 0.04); RMR (F(1, 23) = 16.2, p < 0.001); EI (F(1,24) = 6.7, p = 0.02), and DXA_BFP (F(1, 24) = 51.9, p < 0.001) and leptin levels from DXA_BFP (F(1, 24) = 27.2, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study is the first to examine all 3 components of the Male Triad. We found 1 compromised component of the Triad (LEA with or without ED risk), however both reproductive hormones (T and LH) and BMD were not compromised. Resultant LEA demonstrated a significant negative relationship with Leptin. Relationships between body fat percent and the hormones T and Leptin demonstrated clinical uses for monitoring weight to assess hormonal profiles in males. More research investigating negative physiological consequences associated with the Male Triad, decreased EI and increased EEE is need in the male population.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9780438112476Subjects--Topical Terms:

1179721
Physical education.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Examination of Energy Needs and Hormone Levels in Male Endurance Athletes.
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245 1 0 $a Examination of Energy Needs and Hormone Levels in Male Endurance Athletes.
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300 $a 1 online resource (167 pages)
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: A.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Carolina, 2018.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a A plethora of literature examining the physiological consequences associated deficits in energy availability (EA) for female athletes exists, however literature examining male athletes is sparse. Purpose: To determine the effects of high exercise energy expenditure (EEE) on Male Triad symptoms (EA with or without an eating disorder [ED], reproductive hormones Testosterone [T] and Luteinizing hormone [LH], and bone mineral density [BMD]) and other metabolic markers (Insulin, Leptin, Cortisol and Interleukin-6 [IL-6]) in endurance-trained male athletes. Methods: We utilized a cross-sectional design on 14 endurance trained male athletes (age: 26.4 + 4.2 yrs.; weight: 70.6 + 6.4 kg; and height: 179.5 + 4.3 cm) whom were recruited from the local community. Two separate training weeks (low [LV] and high [HV] training volumes were collected including: dietary logs, exercise logs, BMD, and blood concentrations for 6 hormones (T, LH, Insulin, Leptin, Cortisol, and IL-6). Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and body composition) were taken prior to data collection. Results: Overall, EA presented as 27.6 + 12.1 kcals/KG/FFM with 35% (n=5) of participants presenting with increased risk for ED. Examining Male Triad components: 1) 32.1% presented with LEA (>20 kcal/kg/FFM) with or without ED, 2) Reproductive hormones T (1780.6 + 1672.6 ng/dL) and LH (813.7 + 314.2 pg/mL) were within normal limits compared to normative data, and 3) BMD was not compromised at 1.31 g/cm2. Participants at risk for LEA (< 20 kcal/KG/FFM), demonstrated 41.2% (n = 7) HV: 50%, n = 4; LV: 33.3%, n = 3) had increased T levels (p = 0.20). Of those participants with LEA, 21.7% (n = 5) (HV: 18.2%, n = 2; LV: 25%, n = 3) presented with low Leptin levels (p = 0.01). Significant regressions revealed T levels from EA (F(1,24) = 4.8, p = 0.04); RMR (F(1, 23) = 16.2, p < 0.001); EI (F(1,24) = 6.7, p = 0.02), and DXA_BFP (F(1, 24) = 51.9, p < 0.001) and leptin levels from DXA_BFP (F(1, 24) = 27.2, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study is the first to examine all 3 components of the Male Triad. We found 1 compromised component of the Triad (LEA with or without ED risk), however both reproductive hormones (T and LH) and BMD were not compromised. Resultant LEA demonstrated a significant negative relationship with Leptin. Relationships between body fat percent and the hormones T and Leptin demonstrated clinical uses for monitoring weight to assess hormonal profiles in males. More research investigating negative physiological consequences associated with the Male Triad, decreased EI and increased EEE is need in the male population.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2018
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Physical education. $3 1179721
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 local $3 554714
690 $a 0523
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710 2 $a University of South Carolina. $b Physical Education. $3 1179720
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 79-11A(E).
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10752198 $z click for full text (PQDT)