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Essays on the Virtuous Cycle of Education and Economic Development.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Essays on the Virtuous Cycle of Education and Economic Development./
Author:	Bhattacharjee, Sandipa.
Description:	1 online resource (163 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-12A.
Subject:	Education policy. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798379735944

Essays on the Virtuous Cycle of Education and Economic Development.
Bhattacharjee, Sandipa.

Essays on the Virtuous Cycle of Education and Economic Development. - 1 online resource (163 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

This dissertation consists of three essays in which I use causal inference methods to study issues concerning both developing and developed economies, focusing on the economics of education, public policy evaluation, intergenerational effects, health, gender, and human capital acquisitions.In the first chapter, I exploit an education policy in India generated by a 2010 schooling reform to examine the effect of education on women's family planning decisions. The key element of the reform was that it required students to complete eight years of primary education (age 6-14 years). I used an instrumental variable difference-in-difference approach that measures the exogenous variation in treatment intensity in different states across birth cohorts of women measured by birth year and birth months. The reform led to an increase in total years of education, a delay in the age at first marriage, postponing sexual activity, and reduced fertility beginning at the age of 22. I also examine the potential mechanisms through which increased education affects fertility. The findings suggest early use of modern contraceptives, reduction in the marital education gap, increased literacy, and utilization of healthcare services contribute to reduced fertility. These results are consistent with the increased empowerment of women having influence over their fertility decision thereby highlighting the importance of the government's efforts to promote education through policy initiatives.In the same line of research, the second chapter investigates the causal impact of parental education on child health outcomes by exploiting the same compulsory schooling reform in India as used in Chapter 1 which required parents to complete eight years of primary education. The exogenous variation in parental education induced by the reform implementation timing in different states across the birth cohorts of parents is explored using an instrumental variable difference-in-difference approach. Findings based on data from the National Family Health Survey suggest that increased total years of parental education improved the birth weight, weight-for-age, and height of their offspring. Parental education also increased the probability of a child being currently breastfed and improved understanding of a child's measles immunization. I also examine different household socio-economic pathways which can impact children's health. I find significant improvements in all the household facilities and improved sanitation in Indian society. There is little evidence of a causal relationship between a father's education and his health behavior, but mothers in Indian society take better care of their health in terms of having antenatal and postnatal care and increased probability of health check-ups which gets transmitted to improved health outcomes for their children.The third chapter discusses how the economic situation prevailing in the home country of an international student affects his/her educational choice in a U.S. educational institution. To address this question, I use exchange rates as exogenous price shocks to the international students' budget constraints to pay for higher education in the host country. To theorize, in response to changes in real exchange rates, how the foreign students' demand for U.S. higher education is affected is studied in this paper. I present a theoretical model to understand the enrollment decisions of international students in U.S. institutions when exchange rates fluctuate and test it empirically. Data from several sources for the 2000-2020 time period is used for estimation. The results suggest that foreign students' undergraduate enrollment is sensitive to changes in the prices of education caused by fluctuations in the exchange rates. However, the same relationship doesn't hold true for graduate enrollment. I also exploit other macroeconomic indicators and the availability of substitutes in the home country that affects foreign demand for U.S. higher education.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2024

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798379735944Subjects--Topical Terms:

1107727
Education policy.
Subjects--Index Terms:

EducationIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Essays on the Virtuous Cycle of Education and Economic Development.
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520 $a This dissertation consists of three essays in which I use causal inference methods to study issues concerning both developing and developed economies, focusing on the economics of education, public policy evaluation, intergenerational effects, health, gender, and human capital acquisitions.In the first chapter, I exploit an education policy in India generated by a 2010 schooling reform to examine the effect of education on women's family planning decisions. The key element of the reform was that it required students to complete eight years of primary education (age 6-14 years). I used an instrumental variable difference-in-difference approach that measures the exogenous variation in treatment intensity in different states across birth cohorts of women measured by birth year and birth months. The reform led to an increase in total years of education, a delay in the age at first marriage, postponing sexual activity, and reduced fertility beginning at the age of 22. I also examine the potential mechanisms through which increased education affects fertility. The findings suggest early use of modern contraceptives, reduction in the marital education gap, increased literacy, and utilization of healthcare services contribute to reduced fertility. These results are consistent with the increased empowerment of women having influence over their fertility decision thereby highlighting the importance of the government's efforts to promote education through policy initiatives.In the same line of research, the second chapter investigates the causal impact of parental education on child health outcomes by exploiting the same compulsory schooling reform in India as used in Chapter 1 which required parents to complete eight years of primary education. The exogenous variation in parental education induced by the reform implementation timing in different states across the birth cohorts of parents is explored using an instrumental variable difference-in-difference approach. Findings based on data from the National Family Health Survey suggest that increased total years of parental education improved the birth weight, weight-for-age, and height of their offspring. Parental education also increased the probability of a child being currently breastfed and improved understanding of a child's measles immunization. I also examine different household socio-economic pathways which can impact children's health. I find significant improvements in all the household facilities and improved sanitation in Indian society. There is little evidence of a causal relationship between a father's education and his health behavior, but mothers in Indian society take better care of their health in terms of having antenatal and postnatal care and increased probability of health check-ups which gets transmitted to improved health outcomes for their children.The third chapter discusses how the economic situation prevailing in the home country of an international student affects his/her educational choice in a U.S. educational institution. To address this question, I use exchange rates as exogenous price shocks to the international students' budget constraints to pay for higher education in the host country. To theorize, in response to changes in real exchange rates, how the foreign students' demand for U.S. higher education is affected is studied in this paper. I present a theoretical model to understand the enrollment decisions of international students in U.S. institutions when exchange rates fluctuate and test it empirically. Data from several sources for the 2000-2020 time period is used for estimation. The results suggest that foreign students' undergraduate enrollment is sensitive to changes in the prices of education caused by fluctuations in the exchange rates. However, the same relationship doesn't hold true for graduate enrollment. I also exploit other macroeconomic indicators and the availability of substitutes in the home country that affects foreign demand for U.S. higher education.
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