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Online Processing of Tonal Melodies : = Effects of Harmonic Expectations.

Record Type:	Language materials, manuscript : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Online Processing of Tonal Melodies :/
Reminder of title:	Effects of Harmonic Expectations.
Author:	Kim, Jung Nyo.
Description:	1 online resource (174 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: A.
Subject:	Music. -
Online resource:	click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9781303414886

Online Processing of Tonal Melodies : = Effects of Harmonic Expectations.
Kim, Jung Nyo.

Online Processing of Tonal Melodies :Effects of Harmonic Expectations. - 1 online resource (174 pages)

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2013.

Includes bibliographical references

This dissertation explores how listeners perceive implied harmony in real-time while hearing tonal melodies. Previous studies have shown that the processing of chord sequences (explicit harmony) is based on the schematic knowledge of harmonic progression. In particular, the knowledge of harmony generates an expectation of what chord will follow, which facilitates the processing of the subsequent expected harmony. Such processes of harmonic perception is likely to happen in the processing of tonal melodies because they are constructed on the basis of harmonic structure. However, underlying processes of implied harmonic perception remains unexplored. This dissertation, therefore, addresses a set of questions regarding this issue: How is each tone of a tonal melody interpreted and integrated in terms of harmony?; how do harmonic expectations of 'what' chord will follow and 'when' it will occur act in the processing of tonal melodies? In three behavioral experiments, musically-trained participants listened to tonal melodies and responded to target tones by singing their pitches as quickly as possible. The first experiment focused on effects of 'what' and 'when' harmonic expectation. The target tones implied an expected or an unexpected chord; they occurred at expected or unexpected times. In the second experiment, the melodies were accompanied with chords for the purpose of comparing implied and explicit harmonic perception. The third experiment investigated the processing of non-chord tones. The results showed that sing-back reaction times (RTs) were shorter (1) for tones implying an expected chord and (2) for chord changes occurred at expected times, suggesting that harmonic expectations facilitate the processing of tonal melodies. Also, RTs became shorter over the presentation of successive target tones implying the same chord, suggesting that implied harmony becomes clearer as more tones belonging to a single chord are presented. In the fourth experiment, electric brain responses to each tone of a melody were measured. The amplitudes of two ERP components, the ERAN and the N5, reflected the processes of implied harmonic perception, validating the RT results. Both the ERAN and the N5 were larger for tones implying an unexpected chord than for tones implying an expected chord. The N5 was larger for the unexpected early change than for the expected on-time change.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2018

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9781303414886Subjects--Topical Terms:

649088
Music.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

554714
Electronic books.

Online Processing of Tonal Melodies : = Effects of Harmonic Expectations.
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245 1 0 $a Online Processing of Tonal Melodies : $b Effects of Harmonic Expectations.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Richard Ashley.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2013.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a This dissertation explores how listeners perceive implied harmony in real-time while hearing tonal melodies. Previous studies have shown that the processing of chord sequences (explicit harmony) is based on the schematic knowledge of harmonic progression. In particular, the knowledge of harmony generates an expectation of what chord will follow, which facilitates the processing of the subsequent expected harmony. Such processes of harmonic perception is likely to happen in the processing of tonal melodies because they are constructed on the basis of harmonic structure. However, underlying processes of implied harmonic perception remains unexplored. This dissertation, therefore, addresses a set of questions regarding this issue: How is each tone of a tonal melody interpreted and integrated in terms of harmony?; how do harmonic expectations of 'what' chord will follow and 'when' it will occur act in the processing of tonal melodies? In three behavioral experiments, musically-trained participants listened to tonal melodies and responded to target tones by singing their pitches as quickly as possible. The first experiment focused on effects of 'what' and 'when' harmonic expectation. The target tones implied an expected or an unexpected chord; they occurred at expected or unexpected times. In the second experiment, the melodies were accompanied with chords for the purpose of comparing implied and explicit harmonic perception. The third experiment investigated the processing of non-chord tones. The results showed that sing-back reaction times (RTs) were shorter (1) for tones implying an expected chord and (2) for chord changes occurred at expected times, suggesting that harmonic expectations facilitate the processing of tonal melodies. Also, RTs became shorter over the presentation of successive target tones implying the same chord, suggesting that implied harmony becomes clearer as more tones belonging to a single chord are presented. In the fourth experiment, electric brain responses to each tone of a melody were measured. The amplitudes of two ERP components, the ERAN and the N5, reflected the processes of implied harmonic perception, validating the RT results. Both the ERAN and the N5 were larger for tones implying an unexpected chord than for tones implying an expected chord. The N5 was larger for the unexpected early change than for the expected on-time change.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2018
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Music. $3 649088
650 4 $a Cognitive psychology. $3 556029
650 4 $a Psychobiology. $3 655331
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710 2 $a Northwestern University. $b Music Studies. $3 1185859
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3595636 $z click for full text (PQDT)